Transcript Ch. 22: Cross-Cultural Interactions between Europe and Asia, AD

Ch. 22: Cross-Cultural Interactions between
Europe and Asia, AD 1000-1500
I. Long distance trade and travel.
A. Silk Roads and Indian Ocean sea lanes.
1. Marco Polo’s narratives inspired
merchants.
B. Political and diplomatic travel.
1. Pope Innocent IV failed to
convert Mongols. Rabban Sauma, a
representative of the Ilkhanate of
Persia, failed to receive help from
Europe against Muslims.
Travel and Trade from the 12th C. to the 15th C.
2. Ibn Battuta (14th C.) accounts tell us
about his extensive travels through
Africa and Asia.
C. Exchanges:
1. Science, ideas, art, music.
2. Technology: gunpowder, catapults,
cannons, magnetic compass.
3. Diseases.
4. Agricultural products.
5. Slave labor.
II. China (The Ming Dynasty, AD 1369-1644).
A. Fall of Yuan (Mongol) dynasty.
1. Due to financial mismanagement,
political assassinations, and the
plague.
2. Many Mongols departed.
B. Hongwu led rebellious forces and
established the Ming (brilliant) dynasty.
C. Centralized control. Government
officials known as mandarins oversaw
local officials. Eunuchs were used
more extensively in the government.
Hongwu
D. Golden Age of Chinese literature
and arts. The Yongle Encyclopedia
emphasized Chinese cultural traditions.
E. The Forbidden City was built in the
1400s.
The Forbidden City
• The construction of
the Forbidden City
began during the
Ming dynasty (1407).
• It was the home of the
emperor.
The Emperor’s House
• Hall of
Mental
Cultivation.
The Emperor’s Chair
• Located in the
Palace of
Heavenly
Purity (in the
Forbidden
City).
Forbidden City
F. Zheng He’s seven large expeditions in the
Indian Ocean basin.
1. Sent for trade purposes and to promote
China.
2. Expeditions ended in order to redirect
resources to agriculture and defense
of the northern border.
Zheng He
Chinese and European voyages of
exploration, 1405-1498.
• Page: 596
Christian and Islamic missionaries: John of
Montecorvino and Sufis
IV. The Renaissance (AD 1350-AD 1600)
A. A “rebirth” in Europe. Much artistic and
and intellectual creativity. It was an age of
exploration, inventions, and learning.
B. Wealthy Italian city-states sponsored
innovations in art and architecture.
C. Artists and architects drew inspiration from
classical Greece and Rome.
D. “Humanists” such as Erasmus were
scholars who admired Greek and Roman
writings and advocated participation in
societal affairs.
Examples of Medieval art and architecture: The
Baptistry
Cimabue,
Madonna and Child
Giotto,
Madonna and Child
Simone Martini, Annunciation
Medieval to Renaissance transition
Paolo Uccello,
The Battle of San Romano
E. Characteristics
*Realism and Expression
*Perspective
*More secularism
*Classicism: Greco-Roman influence
*Individualism and Humanism
*Symmetry and Balance
Renaissance Florence
Madonna and Child with Two Angels by Filippo
Lippi
Sandro Botticelli, The Adoration of the Magi
Donatello’s
David
MICHELANGELO (1475-1564) portrait by Jacopino
del Conte (1537)
Michelangelo,
David
MICHELANGELO’S “DAVID”
Michelangelo’s
Pieta
Leonardo da Vinci’s Annunciation
RAPHAEL’S “SCHOOL OF ATHENS”
Michelangelo’s Sistine Chapel
Leonardo da Vinci, Mona Lisa
LEONARDO DA VINCI (SELF-PORTRAIT?): 14521519
DA VINCI’S SKETCH OF A FLYING MACHINE
DA VINCI’S “LAST SUPPER”
Filippo Brunelleschi
Dome Comparisons
Il Duomo
(Florence)
St. Peter’s
(Rome)
St. Paul’s
(London)
US capital
(Washington)
Susan Pojer, www.powerpointpalooza.com
Dome of Florence Cathedral
THE RENAISSANCE
E. England and France fought the Hundred
Years’ War (1337-1453), which concerned
control over French lands. Joan of Arc
(412-431) inspired French troops.
F. The marriage of Ferdinand of Aragon and
Isabella of Castile facilitated the
reconquista of Spain.