Transcript Nitrogen Compounds

Nitrogen Compounds
• Aims:
• To know that these include amines, amides, nitro
compounds, nitriles and amino acids.
• To know that amines are derivatives of ammonia.
• To know that they are categorised as primary,
secondary and tertiary amines by the number of
hydrogen atoms substituted by alkyl chains.
• To know that amines, like ammonia are BASES.
• To explain the basicity of amines in terms of proton
acceptance by the nitrogen lone pair.
• To describe the reactions of amines with acids to
form salts.
Nitrogen Compounds
• Amines are organic derivatives of ammonia.
• Ammonia is NH3.
• If H atoms are replaced by alkyl chains then the compound
formed is an amine.
NH3
ammonia
C2H5NH2
ethylamine
(C2H5)2NH
(C2H5)3N
Primary
amine
diethylamine Secondary
amine
triethylamine
Tertiary
amine
Properties of Amines
• Amines are described as having a fishy smell
(because when fish start to go off they
produce amines as decomposition products
such as putrescine NH2(CH)4NH2 and
cadaverine NH2(CH2)5NH2.)
• Short chain amines are gaseous and very
soluble in water.
• Melting points and boiling points increase with
increasing chain length.
• Solubility in water decreases with increasing
chain length.