Transcript Amines By
Amines
By: Hannah Singer,
Stephen Caldwell, Bryan
Rivera
1st period
Basic Structures!
Primary: the “R” is only bonded in one place
in this type of bond
Secondary: The “R” is bonded in two places
in this bond
Tertiary: The “R” is bonded in three places in
this bond.
Characteristics!
The Amines are the organic chemistry relatives of ammonia
However in amines one or more of the hydrogen atoms on
the ammonia molecule are replaced by alkyl chains
Amines with one alkyl group are primary amines, with two
they are secondary, and with three they are tertiary amines.
Like ammonia, amines are bases. Compared to alkali metal
hydroxides, amines are weaker
Important amines include amino acids, biogenic amines,
and aniline
Characteristics cont.
Amines with small alkyl groups are very soluble in water
The larger the alkyl chain, the less soluble it is in water
When a amine picks up a proton, this forms ammonium
salt.
Dextromethorphan
hydrobromide
(cough
suppressant)
Nomenclature
Primary amines can be named by replacing the e with the word
amine. The prefix can also be amino. amine can also be named
by naming the parent group followed by a space and the word
amine.
Ex: propane = propanamine, aminopropane, or propyl amine.
Secondary amines can be named by replacing the e with the
word amine and using an upper case N.
The prefix can be changed to amino. Ex: propane = N-methyl-1propanamine, N-methyl-1-aminopropane, methyl 1-propyl
amine.
3.Tertiary amines can be named the same way as secondary,
just add an extra N.
Mechanisms
Mechanisms:
1. R1NH2 An alkyl group and two hydrogen atoms, attached
to a nitrogen atom.
2. R2NH Pair of alkyl groups, attached to a hydrogen and
nitrogen atom.
3. R3N Three alkyl groups attached to a nitrogen atom.
Examples
1. amino acids
2. biogenic amines
3. trimethylamine
4. inorganic amines
5. amine oxides.
Real World Importance
An amine that is important would be the Biogenic Amine
Biogenic amines are natural antinutrition factors and are
important from a hygienic point of view as they have been
implicated as the causative agents in a number of food
poisoning episodes, and they are able to initiate various
pharmacological reactions
Real World Importance
Examples that are considered to be the most important
biogenic amines occurring in foods
Histamine, putrescine, cadaverine, tyramine, tryptamine, βphenylethylamine, spermine, and spermidine
These amines are designated as biogenic because they are
formed by the action of living organisms.
Real World Importance
Biogenic amines may also be considered as carcinogens
because of their ability to react with nitrites to form potentially
carcinogenic nitrosamines.
The biogenic amine content of various foods and feed have
been widely studied and found in cheese, fish and meat
products, eggs and mushrooms
Food substances that have been prepared by a fermentative
process, or have been exposed to microbial contamination
during aging or storage, are likely to contain amines.
What is the organic
chemistry relative of
Amine?
Ammonia
True or False
Amines with small groups of
Alkyl are not soluble in water?
False
They are very soluble
What is the main letter of the Basic
Structure of Amine?
A
D
R
E
R
True or False
The smaller the alkly chain,
the more soluble it is in water
FALSE
The larger the alky chain the
less soluble it is in water
What was the Functional Group we
talked about?
Amine
Work Cited
PAC, 1995, 67, 1307 (Glossary of class names of organic
compounds and reactivity intermediates based on
structure (IUPAC Recommendations 1995)) on page 1315
http://www.4college.co.uk/a/dp/amine.php
http://chemistry.boisestate.edu/people/richardbanks/organic/n
omenclature/aminenomenclature1.htm
http://www.chemistry-drills.com/functionalgroups.php?q=simple
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096399699
600066X