Transcript Chapter 17 Renaissance and Reformation

Chapter 13
Renaissance and Reformation
1300-1650
The Spirit of the Renaissance
• Renaissance: Period of cultural
achievement from the 14th to 16th
centuries. “Renaissance” comes from the
French word for “rebirth.”
• The Renaissance began about _______ in
northern Italian city-states.
• The Italian city of _____________
flourished during this time from the Medici
family, especially __________ __ ______.
• Scholars of the Renaissance focused on
___________, which are subjects
concerned with humankind and culture,
not science. These include: language,
literature, composition, history, and music.
• One of the most important figures was in
the study of humanities was
_____________ _____________.
• Politics: Niccolo ______________ wrote
guidelines as to the way rulers should rule.
He believed that actions must be judged
only by their ________.
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• Printing Press: developed in the 1450’s and
allowed mass production of books and other
publications.
• The first book printed was a copy of the Bible
printed by a German, _________
____________.
• The Northern Renaissance: occurred in France,
England, Germany, and the Netherlands.
• The two most important figures of the Northern
Renaissance were Desiderius __________, who
argued the Church had become greedy, and Sir
Thomas _______ who wrote of a perfect society
in his book ___________.
Printing Press, Gutenberg Bible, Sir Thomas More
Renaissance Literature and Art
• Shakespeare – possibly the Renaissance’s
greatest and most influential writers.
• Renaissance Art:
• Focus on ___________, which emphasizes the
uniqueness of each individual.
• Raphael – famous for his ____________,
pictures of Mary, the mother of Jesus.
• Michelangelo – responsible for the Sistine
Chapel.
• Leonardo da Vinci – Famous works such as the
_______ _______ and the Last Supper.
William Shakespeare, Titus Andronicus, Raphael,
Madonna, Michelangelo, Sistine Chapel, Leonardo
da Vinci, The Mona Lisa, The Last Supper
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles
Section 3
The Reformation
• Reformation – a movement to reform the
Church, led by religious thinkers that
challenged the Church’s authority, known
as _____________.
• Need for Church Reform: many believed
the Church became greedy and focused
too much on wealth and vanity than the
original mission. This corruption was
emphasized with the Churches selling of
_____________, which were pardons in
return for money.
• Birth of Protestantism - __________ __________
began to challenge the Church’s authority publicly. On
October 31, 1517, he nailed a list of grievances on the
door of a church, attacking the sale of indulgences.
For this, he won followers but was later
_________________ in 1521.
• Spread of Protestantism – Luther’s teachings, along
with the availability of a printed Bible, led many to
challenge the Church.
• In 1555, a treaty called the __________ ____
_________ ended religious fighting in Germany, and
allowed German princes to decide which religion to
follow. Many chose to become Lutheran, following
Luther’s teachings.
Martin Luther
• Calvinism – based on the teachings of ________
_________. The ideas are similar to Luther’s in that
the Bible should be supreme authority, but introduced
the idea of _______________, which is the belief that
certain people were chosen by God for salvation.
• English Protestantism – this was closely related to
politics. ________ ___ ruled England from 1509-1547.
Wanting a heir to his throne, he sought a divorce from
his wife to marry Anne Boleyn, but the Church
opposed divorce. Henry broke away from the Church
to form the _________ ___ _________, and the
parliament passed the _______ ___ _________,
making Henry the head of the Church. After Henry’s
death, his son took over, but died shortly after. It
wasn’t until 1571, when ______________ ___ took
the throne that England returned to Protestantism.
John Calvin, Henry VIII,
Six Wives of Henry VIII, Elizabeth I
• The Counter-Reformation – The Church
sought to reform and strengthen the
spread of the Catholic religion.
• The Council of ________ - a meeting of
Church officials to discuss reforms. The
banned indulgences and tightened
discipline for the clergy. The Church also
imprisoned an executed Protestants. Many
also sought to bring more people into the
religion, hence the Society of Jesus was
formed. These _________ sought to
convert many, and bring back many
protestants to the Catholicism.