Transcript Cellular Component of Blood

BLOOD
Blood is a connective tissue. It acts as a Carrier. That is, it
provides one of the means of communication between the cells
of different parts of the body and the external environment.
So, as a carrier, it carries:
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Oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and carbon dioxide from
the tissues to the lungs.
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Nutrients from the alimentary canal (digestive tract) to the
tissues and cell wastes to the excretory organs like kidneys.
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Hormones secreted by endocrine glands to their target glands
and tissues.
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Heat produced in active tissues to other less active tissues.
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Protective substances, e.g. antibodies, to areas of infection.
Clotting factors that coagulate blood, minimizing its loss from
ruptured blood vessels.
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Facts to Remember
Blood makes up about 7% of body weight.
 There is nearly 5.6 liters of blood in men.
 Blood is always in motion (circulation).
 Blood volume and the concentration of its many
constituents are kept within narrow limits by
homeostatic mechanisms.
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Plasma
The constituents of plasma are water (90 – 92%) and dissolved
substances (8 – 10%). The dissolved substances are:
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Plasma Proteins: Albumins, globulins (including antibodies),
fibrinogen, clotting factors.
Inorganic slats (mineral salts): sodium chloride, sodium
bicarbonate, potassium, magnesium, phosphate, iron, calcium,
copper, iodine, cobalt.
Nutrients: specially from digested food e.g. monosaccharides
(mainly glucose), amino acids, fatty acids, glycerol and vitamins.
Organic waste materials: e.g. urea, uric acid, creatinine.
Hormones.
Enzymes, e.g. certain clotting factors.
Gases, e.g. oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen.
Cellular Component of Blood
There are three types of cells in the blood:
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Red blood cells (RBCs) or Erythrocytes.
White blood cells (WBCs) or Leukocytes.
Platelets or Thrombocytes.
Leukocytes (White Blood Cells)
These cells have an important function in defending the body against
microbes and other foreign materials. There are two main types of leukocytes:
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Granulocytes: these have granules in their cytoplasm. There are three types
of cells in this category: Neutrophils, Eosinophils and Basophils.
Agranulocytes: these do not have granules in their cytoplasm. There are two
types of cells in this category: Monocytes and Lymphocytes.
Granulocytes
 All granulocytes have multilobed nuclei in their cytoplasm.
 Their names represent the dyes (stains) they take up when stained in the
laboratory. Eosinophil takes up red acid dye eosin. Basophils take up alkaline
methylene blue and Nutrophils are purple because they take up both dyes.
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