Transcript carbohydrates, lipids and proteins

CARBOHYDRATES,
LIPIDS AND PROTEINS
CHEMISTRY
S.W.B.A.T.: Determine what
a carbohydrate, protein and
Lipid are and how they
affect the body
The link between
inorganic and organic
compounds are plants.
Why?
Organic Compounds:
• Compounds which are formed
by the processes of living
organisms
• They are macromolecules
essential for life: carbohydrates,
lipids (fats, oils & waxes),
proteins and nucleic acids
Carbhodyrates
•
Furnish the body with its main source of
energy glucose (blood sugar)
A. In our diets we get three types:
1. Refined or processed sugars (sucrose)
Examples: candy, soda, tastycakes
2. Naturally occurring sugars Examples:
fruits, veggies, milk products
3. Complex carbohydrates Example: Pasta,
bread, cereal
•
a.
b.
c.
d.
We want to decrease #1 and
increase #2 and #3 Why?
Complex carbs, can help reduce
weight
Satisfy the appetite longer-digested
slower
Complex carbs. Are good sources
of vitamins and minerals
Complex carbs. Are good source of
energy
Processed vs.
Unprocessed
• Processed
Canned fruit &
veggies
Potato chips
White bread
Instant rice
Cold cereal
• Unprocessed
Fresh fruit and
veggies
Baked potato
Whole wheat
bread
Brown rice
Hot cereal
Chemistry of
Carbohydrates
• Monosaccharides – simple
sugars (building blocks of
other carbs.)
C6H12O6
a. Glucose
b. Fructose
c. Galactose
•
Disaccharide – two monosacs joined
together by dehydration synthesis
C12H22O11
Dehydration synthesis – the removal of water
a. Maltose=glucose +glucose
b. Sucrose= glucose + fructose (table sugar)
c. Lactose= glucose + galactose (milk
sugar)
•
Polysaccharides – many monosacs
joined together by dehydration
synthesis
a. Starch – plant
b. Glycogen – animal starch
c. Cellulose – plant fiber in cell walls
When we consume complex carbs., we
break them down by adding water Hydrolysis
Lipids (stored energy)
• Found in fats, oils and waxes
• Needed for: stored energy
Insulator
Protects organs
Stores some vitamins (fat soluble)
• Building Blocks –
glycerol + 3 fatty acids
A. Saturated fats – found in red
meat, bacon
- Solid at room temperature
B. Unsaturated fats – found in
chicken, fish
- Liquid at room temperature
- Lower our cholesterol
•
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Only need 1 tablespoon of
polyunsaturated oil/day
Use more fish, turkey, chicken
Limit hamburger, beef, pork – What could
you do before cooking? Cut the fat out.
Try to cut out lunchmeats, hotdogs,
sausages
Use skim milk
Bake, broil, BBQ avoid frying
Eggs – should only have 3 yolks/week
Proteins
• Proteins are the body’s building
materials
• Our cells are primarily made of
protein (skin, organs, hair, muscle,
nails, etc.)
• Essential for growth and repair
• Found in: steak, chicken, fish, eggs,
beans and tofu
• Building Blocks: amino acids
Enzymes:
•
•
Are proteins which act as a catalyst
Catalyst- start or speed up a chemical
reaction
1. Enzymes are specific in their actions
Example: saliva acts on starch
Idea: cheeseburger-bun dissolves in
mouth
2. Enzymes are not used up in the reaction
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AEsQxzeAry8