Transcript Brainstorm a list of factors that cause people to behave differently

Brainstorm a list of factors that cause
people to behave differently.
Personality
Experiences
Heredity
Environment
Friends/Family
Society
WHY DO CELLS BEHAVE DIFFERENTLY?
The combination of
chemicals that form
substances.
•“ingredients”
•“what an object is
COMPOSED of”
•Smallest unit of
matter known.
•100 million atoms
lined up in a row =
one centimeter
•Composed of
protons, neutron,
electrons
•A pure substance that
consists of entirely one
type of atom
•Represented by
letters or symbols
•Approximately two
dozen are found in
living things
•In total, 117 elements have been observed
as of 2009, of which 98 occur naturally on
Earth.
Examples of elements
O Oxygen
H Hydrogen
C Carbon
Na Sodium
Sulfur
S
N Nitrogen
Potassium
K
Cl Chlorine
Atomic number:
# of protons
There are an equal
number of
electrons as
protons
Atomic Mass:
neutrons
# of protons + # of
•Substances that are
formed by the
chemical combination
of two or more
elements
Most abundant
compound on Earth is
water
___________
•Elements have very
different properties
“actions/appearances” than
the compounds that they
form.
H = Hydrogen = gas
O = Oxygen = gas
H2O = water = liquid
• Are expressed
through formulas
1. Chemical formulas
2.Structural formulas
C12H22O11
C6H12O6
How do compounds differ?
C6H12O6
H2 O
The attraction of
atoms that cause
element to form
compounds
A. COVALENT

Sharing of electrons
B. IONIC

Attraction between two
opposites (charged
atoms)
There are two
categories of
compounds:
•Organic
•Inorganic
•chemical compounds
whose molecules
contain carbon and
hydrogen
•Found in all living
things
Examples
•C6H1206 ( SUGAR)
•CH4 (Methane)




Carbohydrates
Lipid (fats)
Nucleic acids
Proteins
•Is any member of a
large class of chemical
compounds of molecules
that contain earths
elements
•Not capable of creating
life, no combination
makes life
Examples
•NaCl
• H2 O
•CO2
Compounds
Organic
Contains Carbon &
Hydrogen always
together!
Example: C6H12O6
glucose (sugar)
Inorganic
Contains the
earth’s element
Example: H2O
water
1.
2.
3.
4.
water and salts
proteins and carbohydrates
fats and oils
enzymes and hormones
1.
2.
3.
4.
nucleic acid
amino acid
water
glucose
1.
2.
3.
4.
hydrogen and oxygen
nitrogen and oxygen
nitrogen and carbon
hydrogen and carbon
1.
2.
3.
4.
carbohydrates
ozone
carbon dioxide
water
pH is a scale designed
to describe whether a
compound is an acid
or a base AND its
strength.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Neutral
Measures the concentration of
H+ ions in a solution.
BELOW 7, THE SUBSTANCE IS ACIDIC.
ABOVE 7, THE SUBSTANCE IS BASIC.
IF THE pH IS 7, THEN IT IS NEUTRAL.
Using to test the level
of pH
Provides a specific
number
Used to identify if
the substance is an
acid or a base
TASTE SOUR, REACT
WITH METALS AND
TURN LITMUS PAPER
RED
TASTE BITTER, FEEL
SLIPPERY, REACT
WITH LITMUS PAPER
TO TURN IT BLUE
Used to test for the presence of glucose
Used to test for the presence of proteins
Used to test for the presence of starch
1. Give examples of
organic substances
2. Determine the pH of
the following solutions.
Identify the following
as an element, atomor a compound:
1. Al
2. H2SO4
3. H2
7. Al2
8. S
9. NaCl
4. H2O
5. O2
6. NH4
10. C6H12O6
11. CO2
12. H