Transcript Chapter 7 Carbon Chemistry

Chapter 7
Carbon Chemistry
Forms of Carbon
Electron-dot structure of carbon
Diamond – hardest substance, all carbons
are locked into position
Graphite – sheets of carbon atoms that
can slide over each other
Fullerene – experimental compound
composed of 60 carbon atoms
Organic
Contains carbon
Was once living
Is a separate branch of chemistry having
to do with carbon compounds
Hydrocarbon
Compound composed of hydrogen
and carbon
Important as a fuel source
Formulas
Molecular formula – gives the number
of each type of atom in a compound
Structural formula – also gives the
arrangement of atoms in the
compound (best because it provides
more information)
Isomers – compounds that have the
same molecular formula, but have a
different structural formula (they are
not the same compound)
Saturated and Unsaturated
Unsaturated has double or triple bonds
Saturated has all single bonds
Alkane – single bond
Alkene – double bond
Alkyne – triple bond
Substituted Hydrocarbons
A carbon compound that contains
other than just hydrogen
Alcohol – contains an OH
Organic acid – contains a COOH
group
atoms
Functional Groups
Are groups that replace the hydrogen
of hydrocarbons to make different
compounds.
Examples: OH is alcohol, COOH is
an acid
Hydroxyl group is the OH (alcohol)
Carboxyl group is the COOH (acid)
Biochemistry
Polymers – huge molecules that
contain thousands of atoms
(Examples: wool, silk, plastic,
polyester, protein)
Digestion – when the body breaks
down large organic molecules into
smaller useful ones
4 Classes of Organic Compounds
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic acids
Carbohydrates
Is an energy rich molecule made up
of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen
Sugars, starch, and cellulose are all
carbohydrates
Simple carbohydrates – sugars
Complex carbohydrates – long chains
of sugars (cellulose and starch)
Starch and cellulose differ only in the
bonding between sugar units
Proteins
Muscles, hair, skin, and fingernails are
all made of protein
Made from carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,
nitrogen and sulfur
Proteins are polymers made up of
amino acid building blocks
Our body has 20 different amino acids
that are linked together in different
combinations to make different proteins
Lipids
Energy rich compounds made up of
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Fats, oils, waxes, and cholesterol are
all lipids
Saturated hydrocarbons – contain only
single bonds
Unsaturated – contains double or triple,
bonded carbons (can add more H2 to the
molecule)
Nucleic Acids
Very large molecules made up of
carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen,
and phosphorus
DNA and RNA are nucleic acids.
The building blocks of nucleic acids
are nucleotides
Vitamins
Organic molecules that serve as
helper molecules
Vitamin C – keeps skin and gums healthy
Vitamin D – helps develop bones
and teeth
Some minerals that the body needs
are sodium, calcium, iron, iodine, and
potassium (these are ions)