Transcript Slide 1
Elements and Compounds vocabulary word! • matter – anything that has mass and takes up space. vocabulary word! • atom - The atom is the smallest unit of a substance that maintains the properties of that substance. • It is so small, it would take a million atoms lined up to equal the thickness of a human hair. • Everything you can touch, taste, feel, or smell is made of atoms. vocabulary word! • element – a substance that is made entirely of one type of atom. • Is abbreviated with a one to three letter symbol. • Only the first letter is capitalized. • Always printed, never in cursive. copper Cu • Find copper on your periodic table. • What is the symbol for copper? iron Fe • Find iron on your periodic table. • What is the symbol for iron? salt (sodium chloride) NaCl sodium and chlorine • Find salt on your periodic table. • What is the symbol for salt? • What is salt made of? chalk (calcium carbonate) CaCO3 Calcium, carbon and oxygen • Find chalk on your periodic table. • What is the symbol for chalk? • What is chalk made of? Atomic Bonding • Atoms can form chemical bonds with other atoms. • When they bond, they can form molecules or compounds. vocabulary word! • molecule – a group of atoms held together by attractive forces called chemical bonds. • It can be two of the same element like breathable oxygen O2, or ozone O3. • Or it can be two different elements like water H2O. vocabulary word! • compound – a molecule that contains at least two different elements. • Is it an element or compound? Br Rb NO3 V NaCl O2 CO2 Pb • All matter on Earth is made up of elements • Biotic (living) organisms are made mostly of 6 elements. – – – – – – Sulfur Phosphorous Oxygen Nitrogen Carbon Hydrogen •SPONCH Organic Elements Sulfur • pale yellow, odorless solid • minor part of fats, body fluids and skeletal minerals • key component of proteins • dangerous if inhaled as hydrogen sulfide 16 S 32.066 Sulfur Sulfur • Found in meteorites, volcanoes, hot springs • sulfur dioxide is part of acid rain Sulfur • Find sulfur on the periodic table and color it yellow Phosphorus • needed to make DNA • part of bones and teeth • there are several types – white, red, and black • It combusts spontaneously in air • part of ATP (what cells use for energy) 15 P 30.974 Phosphorus Phosphorus Cycle Phosphorus • Find phosphorous on the periodic table and color it yellow Oxygen • necessary for life on Earth • around 21% of the atmosphere is oxygen • component of water • makes up 65% of the human body • Third most abundant element in the sun 8 O 15.999 Oxygen Oxygen • Find oxygen on the periodic table and color it yellow Nitrogen • usually a colorless, odorless gas • major part of proteins • nitrogen makes up 70% of the Earth’s atmosphere. • used to make fertilizers • plants need nitrogen to stay healthy 7 N 14.007 Nitrogen Nitrogen • The nitrogen cycle is very important for life Nitrogen • Find nitrogen on the periodic table and color it yellow 6 Carbon • carbon is key to life and is present in all organic compounds. • Carbon is found free in nature in three forms: graphite coal C 12.011 Carbon diamond Carbon • • • • • • Makes up 18.5% of the human body Carbon is in the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide Dissolved in all natural water Component of many rocks like limestone Makes up fossil fuels It is found in abundance in the sun, stars, comets, and atmospheres of most planets. Modern Model Bohr Model Carbon • Can have 4 different bonds with other elements – straight chains – branched chains – rings straight chain branched chain ring Carbon • Find carbon on the periodic table and color it yellow Hydrogen • Lightest element • Most abundant element in the universe – Make up 75% of the mass of the universe • Only 1 proton in the nucleus • In the atmosphere • Part of water 1 H 1.008 Hydrogen Hydrogen • • • • Makes up 9.5% of the human body Hydrogen is a major component of the sun and stars Jupiter is made mostly of hydrogen Hydrogen can be explosive The Hindenburg Hydrogen • Find hydrogen on the periodic table and color it yellow interactive table • Spend the rest of the period exploring elements: • http://www.ptable.com/#Writeup/Wikipedia • http://www.columbia.k12.mo.us/ojhs/newton /recipiesformatter/theperiodictable/phy03_in t_ptable/phy03_int_ptable.swf • All matter on Earth is made up of elements •SPONCH Organic Elements How many did you have on your list? Correct them if they are incorrect. Human Body 1. oxygen (O) 65% 2. carbon (C) 18% 3. hydrogen (H) 10% Earth’s crust 1. oxygen (O) 47% 2. silicon (Si) 28% 3. aluminum (Al) 8% 4. nitrogen (N) 5. calcium (Ca) 6. potassium (K) 3% 1% .4% 4. iron (Fe) 5. calcium (Ca) 6. sodium (Na) 5% 4% 3% 7. sulfur (S) .3% 7. potassium (K) 3% Human Body 0.4% 3% 1% 0.3% 10% 18% 65% oxygen carbon hydrogen nitrogen calcium potassium sulfur The Human Body Earth’s Crust 3% 3% 4% 5% 8% 47% 28% oxygen silicon aluminum iron calcium sodium potassium vocabulary word! • organic compound - any compound that contains carbon. • All biotic (living) things on Earth have carbon and are made of organic compounds. hydrocarbons are made of carbon and hydrogen. plastics and fuels • What elements do you see in a plastic or fuel? • What type of organic molecule is it? carbohydrates = carbon, hydrogen and oxygen • What elements do you see? • What type of organic molecule is it? carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. They are used as an energy source. Draw this -> • Also commonly called sugars, starches and fiber. fats (lipids) = carbon, hydrogen and oxygen • What elements do you see? • What type of organic molecule is it? lipids contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen arranged in branching chains. Lipids are used for energy storage and make up cell membranes. Draw one of these -> proteins = carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen • What elements do you see in? • What type of organic molecule is it? Proteins are composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. They are used for growth, repair, transport and digestion. Draw this -> nucleic acid =carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur and phosphorous DNA and RNA • What elements do you see in DNA and RNA? • What type of organic molecule is it? Nucleic acids are made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur and phosphorous. They are part of our DNA and RNA. Draw this -> photosynthesis • Look again at the chemical equation for photosynthesis sunlight chlorophyll 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 carbon, oxygen, hydrogen Are any of these elements? No How many compounds do you see? 4 What elements make up these compounds? Cellular respiration • Cellular respiration takes place inside cells (plant and animal). • During respiration, glucose is broken down to release energy (ATP) that is used to power all life. respiration • Look again at the chemical equation for respiration C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP carbon, oxygen, hydrogen Are any of these elements? No How many compounds do you see? 4 What elements make up these compounds?