Transcript nutrients & feeding

NUTRIENTS AND FEEDING
[objectives]
• Explain how animals and plants vary in the
acquisition of nutrients
• Discuss the nutrient requirements of aquaculture
species
• Explain how nutrient requirements are met
during culture
• Describe kinds and sources of feed
• Identify and evaluate approaches in feeding
• Discuss buying and storing feed
NUTRIENTS & FEEDING
Chapter 5
Nutrient – a substance used by
organisms to live and grow.
Food – any material ingested that
contains needed nutrients.
Ingest – consume or eat food.
TROPHIC LEVELS
Producer (Autotroph)– plants, algae, and
cyanobacteria make their food by
photosynthesis.
Consumer (Heterotroph) – must consume other
organisms.
*herbivore – eats plants only
*carnivore – eats meat only
*omnivore – eats both plants and meat
*detritivore – eats decaying plant/animal matter.
Decomposer – (bacteria/fungi) have external
digestion.
PRODUCERS
cyanobacteria
PRODUCERS
algae
PRODUCERS
plants
CONSUMERS
herbivores
CONSUMERS
carnivores
CONSUMERS
omnivores
CONSUMERS
detritivore
DECOMPOSERS
MAJOR NUTRIENTS
• Proteins – made from amino acids; necessary
for tissue growth and repair.
• Fats – made from fatty acids; necessary for cell
membranes and energy.
• Carbohydrates – made from saccharides;
necessary for energy.
• Vitamins – water soluable and fat soluable;
necessary for enzymes.
• Minerals – inorganic earth materials; necessary
for coenzymes.
MEETING NUTRIENT NEEDS
• Promote natural food growth – fertilizer
• Culture food materials – brine shrimp and
aquaponic lettuce
• Capture food materials – copepods for
snapper and cobia
• Provide manufactured feed – floating or
sinking fish feed
FERTILIZER
CULTURE FOOD MATERIALS
CAPTURE FOOD MATERIALS
PROVIDE MANUFACTURED
FEED
MANUFACTURE OF FEED
• Ingredients – corn, soybean meal,
meat/bone meal, blood meal, fish meal.
• Life-stage feeds – larval, starter, grower,
broodstock.
• Bouyancy – floating feed contains more
air; can observe animals.
• Particle preparation – meals and pellets.
FEEDING APPROACHES
• Scheduled feeding – provided at specific
time (ex. Redclaw crawfish before dark)
• Juveniles need to feed more frequently
than older animals.
• Free-access feeding – making food
available all the time by using automatic
feeders.
BUYING AND STORING FEED
• Small producers usually buy feed in 50-pound
bags.
• Large producers usually buy feed in bulk.
• When storing feed avoid the following:
*insect infestation
*rodent damage and contamination
*spoilage or rancidity
*contact with water
*chemical contamination