Transcript Organic compounds

Do Now – Section 2.3
1. What element is considered the building
block of life?
1. Carbon
2. How many electrons does carbon have
available for bonding?
1. 4
3. What type of bond does carbon form?
1. Covalent bonds
PROJECT DUE NEXT TUESDAY!
Objectives: Describe the bonding properties of carbon atoms.
- Compare carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Carbon-Based Molecules
Section 2.3
Objectives: Describe the bonding properties of carbon atoms.
- Compare carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Carbon Compounds
What does it mean to be organic?
Organic compounds- compounds containing
CARBON
Carbon >contains 4 valence e> can form 4 covalent
bonds with itself or other
elements
Large carbon compounds
(analogy= necklace)
•
Monomers are simple carbon molecules.
Ex. Link in necklace
•
Polymers are molecules made of many
monomers. (monomer + monomer =
polymer) Ex. Whole necklace
•
Macromolecules are made of many
polymers (polymer + polymer =
macromolecule) Ex. Multi chain necklace
How do Monomers link to
form Polymers???
…through condensation reactions (called
dehydration synthesis)
Dehydration synthesis- chemical reaction
in which one monomer donates a hydroxyl
(OH-) and the other monomer donates a
hydrogen (H) forming water (H2O)
Hydrolysis – reverse process of dehydrations synthesis
or a condensation reaction. (Breakdown of complex mol.)
Complete this Dehydration Synthesis Reaction
+
Answer:
+ H20
Do Now
• What is the element found in all organic
compounds?
– Carbon
• What is the process called that links two
monomers together to form a polymer?
– Dehydration synthesis or condensation
reaction
• What is removed during the above
process?
– Water
Organic Compounds
 There are 4 main classes of organic
compounds which are essential to the life
processes of all living things.
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
I. Carbohydrates
 Elements: C, H, O in 1:2:1 ratio (double hydrogen)
 Monosaccharides –monomer of carbs like
sugars
 Main fuel provider and energy source of living
things, used for structures in cells
Polysaccharides
 Polymer made of 3 or more
monosaccharides
 Ex. 1. Glycogen (animal starch)
 Excess sugar (glycogen) is
released from liver when your
blood sugar runs low
2. Cellulose (in plants)
 Tough, flexible (found in cell
wall)  gives plants rigidity &
strength.
II. Proteins
 Elements: C, H, O, N and sometimes
sulfur
 Monomer = Amino Acids (20 kinds)
 For building bones and muscles, as well
as cell membranes and enzymes
 Foods- Fish, poultry, soy, beans
Proteins
 Proteins are made of monomers of amino
acids
 Dipeptides – 2 Amino Acids
 Polypeptides- chain of Amino Acids
 Enzymes = polypeptides
 Peptide Bonds links amino acids
together
III. Lipids
 Elements: C, H (in high ratio) & O
 Monomer = 1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids
 Used to store energy. Important part in
biological membranes and waterproof
covering
 Ex. Fats, oils, waxes
– Fatty acids
– Complex Lipids
 NOT water soluble (do NOT dissolve in
water)
Fatty Acids
1.
Fatty acids – unbranched fatty
acid chain makes up most lipids
a)
Saturated fatty acids have each
C always bonded to four other
atoms. Max # of Hydrogen
atoms
Unsaturated fatty acids have
double/triple bonds between
carbons.
b)
Phospholipid
Open your textbooks to page 45.
Draw Figure 3.5 phospholipid. Label the head and
the tail.
1. How would the polar head of a phospholipid
respond to water molecules?
2. How would the nonpolar tails respond to water
molecules?
IV. Nucleic Acids
 Composed of C, H, O, N and P
 Monomer = Nucleotide
made of 3 components
1. phosphate group
2. 5-carbon sugar
3. Nitrogen base
 Store important information for
the cell
 Ex. DNA  cellular information
RNA  stores/transfers
information to make proteins