Transcript Presentation File - Program Energy

DNA
What is DNA?
© 2008 Program ENERGY
Program ENERGY is funded by SEPA grant number 5R25RR020469-05
What is DNA?
• DNA = deoxyribonucleic acid
• A molecule that stores all genetic
information to make you, you!
• “Instruction manual for life.”
© 2008 Program ENERGY
Program ENERGY is funded by SEPA grant number 5R25RR020469-05
What does DNA do?
• It gives operating instructions to almost all the
cells in your body.
• Examples:
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color of your hair
how many toes you have
how to breathe
where your organs should be located
how fast you should grow
your risk for diabetes and heart disease
© 2008 Program ENERGY
Program ENERGY is funded by SEPA grant number 5R25RR020469-05
All living things have DNA.
© 2008 Program ENERGY
Program ENERGY is funded by SEPA grant number 5R25RR020469-05
Where is DNA?
• Your body is made up of millions of cells.
• DNA is in the nucleus of each cell.
• Let’s take a closer look.
© 2008 Program ENERGY
Program ENERGY is funded by SEPA grant number 5R25RR020469-05
© 2008 Program ENERGY
Program ENERGY is funded by SEPA grant number 5R25RR020469-05
What does DNA look like?
• DNA looks like spaghetti or a twisted
strand of yarn.
• Double helix
© 2008 Program ENERGY
Program ENERGY is funded by SEPA grant number 5R25RR020469-05
What is DNA made up of?
•How many letters are in the alphabet? 26
•When you arrange the letters in certain
ways, you get thousands of different words.
•When you put these words into meaningful
order, you get a sentence.
•A sentence expresses a thought or idea.
•That’s how DNA works, too.
© 2008 Program ENERGY
Program ENERGY is funded by SEPA grant number 5R25RR020469-05
DNA’s Alphabet
• DNA has only 4 letters.
• A, T, G, C
• When these four
letters are put into
certain arrangements,it
“codes” or “spells” out
an instruction
to your cells.
• DNA can only spell
3-letter words.
© 2008 Program ENERGY
Program ENERGY is funded by SEPA grant number 5R25RR020469-05
What are these letters?
• They are like initials.
• Adenine, Thymine, Guanine and Cytosine
=A
=T
=G
=C
© 2008 Program ENERGY
Program ENERGY is funded by SEPA grant number 5R25RR020469-05
Example
Doyourhomework.
Do your homework.
ATGCAGATACGC
ATG CAG ATA CGC
ATG
aa2
aa1 CAG
ATA
aa3
CGC
aa4
ATGCAGATACGC
aa1-aa2-aa3-aa4
Protein X
© 2008 Program ENERGY
Program ENERGY is funded by SEPA grant number 5R25RR020469-05
DNA replication
• When you are born, the nucleus in all your cells
have lots of DNA.
• DNA can replicate (copy) itself and produce
messengers (instructions) when needed.
• Using these instructions, specific proteins are
produced in cells throughout your body.
• ATGCAGATACGC are the instruction for protein
X
© 2008 Program ENERGY
Program ENERGY is funded by SEPA grant number 5R25RR020469-05
Digestion
Transport
Fight
oxygen
disease
© 2008 Program ENERGY
Program ENERGY is funded by SEPA grant number 5R25RR020469-05
• What happens when you don’t have any
protein in your diet?
• Your body will not have enough “building
blocks” to carry out its daily tasks.
AT
ATGCAGATACGC
ATGCA
A
TGCA
CAGATAC
ATACGC
ATAC
ATACGC
CC
Digestion
Transport oxygen
© 2008 Program ENERGY
Fight disease
Program ENERGY is funded by SEPA grant number 5R25RR020469-05
The big picture
• Eat protein:
– stomach and intestine break it down to amino acids
– amino acids are absorbed into the blood.
– they enter cells, and are used, following the
instructions stored in DNA to make protein that are
then used to carry out vital cell functions.
• This is why protein is very important in your diet.
• Eggs, poultry, fish, beef, legumes, and dairy
products.
© 2008 Program ENERGY
Program ENERGY is funded by SEPA grant number 5R25RR020469-05
DNA Helix Model
A T
GC
© 2008 Program ENERGY
Program ENERGY is funded by SEPA grant number 5R25RR020469-05
Program ENERGY
is funded by a
Science Education Partnership Award
from the
National Center for Research Resources/National Institutes of Health
in partnership with the
Food Science and Human Nutrition Department
at
Colorado State University
© 2008 Program ENERGY
Program ENERGY is funded by SEPA grant number 5R25RR020469-05