Transcript Antiperspirants and Deodorants

Antiperspirants and Deodorants
Odor
Sebaceous glands
Sweat glands
Sebum = cholesterol, its esters, palmitic, stearic acid and their
esters)
Perspiration
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Regulation of body temperature
Elimination of lactic acid
Sweat glands
2,380,000 (body surface)
eccrine glands
(all over the body)
apocrine glands
(localized – post pubertal)
Hyper-hydrosis: intense activity of eccrine (25000 in each
auxiliary vault) = 12 grams of sweat per hour ( So injurious)
Sweat is sterile and odorless
But by the action of bacteria on primarily the apocrine sweat
which is rich in organic material (ideal substrate for bacterial
growth) malodor form.
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Eccrine sweat is highly diluted aqueous solution
But its moisture promotes odor production in two ways :
- the small amount of sticky oily material of apocrine
glands is dispersed over.
- the moisture in the warm vault completes an ideal environment for bacterial growth.
Auxiliary hair promotes
- hair act as a collecting site for apocrine sweat
- increases the surface area available for bacterial
proliferation.
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Odor
• Numerous odors substances are responsible
- decomposition of the proteins
-lower fatty acids, steroids and lactones (have
no smell , but they fix the odor
-combined action of food
-physical and psychological conditions
-individual property (dog detection)
pheromones reflects psychological state of the
individuals
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Methods to reduce or control auxiliary odor
1- Reduce apocrine sweating
2- Remove the secretions
3- Impede bacterial growth
4- Absorb body odor
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Antiperspirants
• Mechanisms :
• 1- Decrease the sweat production
(anticholinergic drugs)
• 2- Formation of a blockage or plug in the sweat
duct (protein precipitant)
• 3- Alteration of sweat duct permeability to fluids
(methylene blue)
• 4- Altering the physiological state of sweat ducts
(Aluminum chloride), Aluminum chlorohydrate,
Aluminum zirconium chlorohydrate (FDA
approved).
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Safety requirements:
Controlled particle size
- Not less than 90% of emitted particles are greater than 10 µm.
- Complete retention of particles in excess of 10 µm by nose
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Deodorants / ingredients
•Antibacterial agents
- benzethonium chloride
- chlorhexidine acetate
- trichloro- hydroxy diphenyl ether (Triclosan)
Formulation forms:
•Aerosols
•Sticks
•Creams
• Roll-On
•Soaps
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