Transcript Over the counter drug

Non Prescription Drugs
 Course Instructor Pr. Dr Hanaa Elsaghir
 Text :
Handbook of Nonprescription Drug latest
edition Publisher (American Pharmaceutical
Association)
 Grating: Quizzes and assignment(5), med.( 5), Final
(20)
 Lectures Saturday and monday (10 -12)
 Office hours Every day ( 12 – 13 )
 Email [email protected]

COURSE OUTLINES
 Introduction to skin functions and anatomy
 Skin diseases and OTC products for their
treatment
 Acne
 Dandruff, seborrhea, psoriasis and dry skin
 Diaper Rash and Eczema
 Burn, Sunburn, sun screen agents
 Parasitic diseases, pediculosis and scabies,
Skin Anatomy and function
 The skin is the largest organ of the body
 made up of a thin outer layer (called the epidermis) and a
thicker inner layer (called the dermis).
 Below the dermis is the subcutaneous tissue, which contains
fat. Buried in the skin are nerves that sense cold, heat, pain,
pressure, and touch.
 Sebaceous glands secrete a lubricating substance called
sebum.
 Deep within the skin are your sweat glands, which produce
perspiration when you are too hot.
 Skin is damages easily with various factors
1- mechanically ; by cut, burns, bites and stings.
2-chemicaly; by detergents and organic solvents.
3- biologically ; by microorganisms.
4- even dermatological preparations intended to be applied on
skin e.g. cosmetics, can harm the skin in susceptible persons.
Skin structure
Skin functions
Mechanical
Protective
Social
Mechanical function
 Its provided mainly by the dermis
 Our skin is elastic but with age, it wrinkles and
becomes more rigid.
 Tissues require about 10 to 20 % of moisture to
act as a plasticizer
 The thin horny layer is strong and depends in
its pliability ( elasticity ) on a correct balance of
lipids, water soluble hygroscopic substances
and water.
Protective function
*. Microbiological barrier( Stratum corneum provides
a microbiological barrier by )
1- sloughing of squamous epithelial tissue with their
adhering microorganisms
2- Acid mantle ( pH of the skin surface 4.5 – 5.5.
acidic nature of the skin is called the acid mantle .
Microbes grow better at pH 6 to 7.5
3- Sebum ingredients which secreted by the
sebaceous glands ( free fatty acids) have
fungicidal and bactericidal properties; such as
caprylic and caproic fatty acids.
 * Chemical Barrier: skin limits the passage of
different chemicals into and out the body.
 .stratum conium is very impermeable to
chemicals and is the rate limiting step in
percutaneous absorption.
 * Radiation Barrier:ultraviolet light of 290400nm is the most damging . ( light stimulates
melanocytes to produce melanin which
particularly protect the skin
 Heat barrier and temperature regulation
 Electrical barrier
Social function
 Skin express emotions such as the pallor
and sweating during fear
 It has characteristics particular for
mane's. color, hair, odor and texture.
 Sensory experiences such as mediation
of sensation of heat, cold, touch
 , vibration and pain
Composition of the skin
1- The epidermis
Stratum germinativum being the innermost layer
Stratum cornium being the outermost layer which
is composed of flat scaly dead tissue (
keratinized), constantly shed. It may be 10 micron
thick when dry but swells several fold in water. The
impermeable nature of this dead, dense layer is
very important in controlling the percutaneous
absorption of drugs.
2- The dermis
3- the subcutaneous tissue-
Skin appendages
 Hair follicles( develop over all skin except the
red part of the lips, the palm and soles, and
parts of the sex organs
 Sebaceous glands , holocrine produce sebum
from cell disintegration. Abnormal sebaceous
activity may lead to seborrhea, obstruction of
the pilosebaceous canal may lead to
comedones and acne
 Sweat glands ( eccrine sweat glands and
apocrine glands
 Nails
What is sebum
 Sebum is the product of sebaceous glands. It is a,
mixture of fatty substances that cover the surface of
the skin, consisting of free fatty acids (mainly palmitic
and oleic ) triglycerides, waxes , cholesterol and
traces of fat soluble vitamines.
 Function of sebum:
 1- surface barrier to the loss of moisture from the skin
 2- it prevents penetration of the skin by other
substances
 3- it has some antiseptic and anti fungal properties.
Non prescripion drugs
 It is called an OTC drug since it pass without prescription Over
The Counter.
 The FDA defines OTC drug as a drug for which directions for
safe use by the public can be written. It does not necessarily
follow that these drugs without danger. Danger might arise from
;
 Misdiagnosis, adverse drug reaction, adverse drug –drug ite
raction , or toxicity upon miss use.
 It is the pharmacist s responsibilities to :
 1- help the patient if the problem need medical attention
 2- assist the patient who does not require professional medical
assistance in choosing the most suitable course of treatmentr
 3-recommend the best available OTC product of the effective
drug