Transcript Structure of the Skin

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Skin and its appendages
– Hair
– Nails
– Sebaceous glands
– Sweat glands
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Integumentary means “covering”
3,000 square inches of surface area
1. Covering
2. Regulate body
temperature
3. Manufacture Vitamin D
4. Nerve receptors
5. Temporary storage
6. Screen-out ultraviolet
radiation
7. Special absorptive
properties
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Epidermis
– Outermost covering
– Avascular
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Dermis
– True skin
– Connective tissue
– Vascular
© 2014 Cengage Learning.
1. Keratinocytes
2. Merkel cells
3. Melanocytes
4. Langerhans cells
Stratum corneum
 Stratum lucidum
 Stratum granulosum
 Stratum spinosum
 Stratum basale
(basement membrane)
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Also called corium
Thicker, inner layer
of the skin
Many nerve
receptors
Blood vessels and
heat regulation
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Also called hypodermal
layer
Lies under dermis
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Not a true part of the
integumentary system
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Attaches integumentary
system to the
surface muscles
underneath
1.
Name three functions of the skin
2.
What are the two main layers of the skin?
(what is the third layer that is not considered
part of the integumentary system?)
3.
What is one difference between the
epidermis and the dermis?
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Root shaft
Outer cuticle layer
Cortex
Inner medulla
Hair follicle
Arrector pili muscle
© 2014 Cengage Learning.
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Hard structures covering the dorsal surfaces
of the last phalanges of the fingers and toes
Nail bed or matrix
Diseases and nail color
© 2014 Cengage Learning.
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Also called sudoriferous
glands
Perspiration is 99% water
Perspiration is excreted
through pores
Under the control of the
nervous system
500 ml water lost per day
through the skin
Ceruminous or wax glands
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Secrete sebum which is thick, oily substance
Sebum lubricates the skin, keeping it soft
and pliable
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Intact skin is the best way to protect
against pathogens
Most skin bacteria are associated with hair
follicles and sweat glands
Hand washing
 Most effective action to prevent spread of disease
▪ 20 seconds for washing hands
▪ 2-4 minutes for infectious material
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Becomes more fragile and dry
Loss of elasticity
Less effective body temperature control
Melanocytes decrease
Physiological changes can impact self-worth
1. What is the role of the sebaceous glands?
2. Through what layer(s) of the skin do hair
follicles reside?
3. What are two characteristics of aging skin?
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Acne vulgaris
– Common and chronic
disorder of sebaceous
glands
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Athlete’s foot
– Contagious fungal
infection
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Dermatitis
– Inflammation of the skin
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Eczema
– Acute or chronic, noncontagious
inflammatory skin disease
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Impetigo
– Acute, inflammatory, and
contagious skin disease
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Psoriasis
– Chronic inflammatory skin disease
(reddish patches
covered by silvery-white scales)
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Ringworm
– Highly contagious fungal
infection
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Urticaria (hives)
– Intensely itching wheals
or welts
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Boils (carbuncles)
– Painful, bacterial infection
of the hair follicles
or sebaceous glands
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Rosacea
– Common inflammatory
disorder (chronic redness
and
irritation to the face)
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Herpes
– Viral infection that is
usually seen as a blister
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Genital herpes
– Virus that may appear as a
blister in the genital area
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Shingles (herpes
zoster)
– Skin eruption due to a viral
infection of the nerve ending
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Head lice
– Parasitic insects
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Ingrown nails
– Common nail problem
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Fungal infections
– Infections of the nail
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Warts
– Viral infections that affect the
skin surrounding
or underneath the nail
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Basal cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Malignant melanoma
Skin and sun exposure
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Rule of nines
First-degree burns
Second-degree burns
Third-degree burns
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Pressure ulcer (decubitus ulcers)
– Stage I
– Stage II
– Stage III
– Stage IV
1. Explain what the “rule of nines” is:
2. Pick two skin disorders (not any type of herpes) and
explain what each one does to the skin.
3. Within the powerpoint the term “dorsal
surface” was used, what does the term “dorsal”
mean?