Transcript wc1 Renaissance BC

Renaissance: AD 1350-1600
I. New Values
Shaped the
Renaissance
A. Love of classical
learning
– Greek statue:
– Hermes and Dionysus
c. 340BCE
Left: By Donatello (bronze first full scale nude since Ancient Roman era)
1409
Right: by Michelangelo 1504
A. Classical Learning
• What was humanism??
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Scholarly study of Latin and Greek classics
Learning/education for all
Studia humanitatis
1st humanists were orators and poets
Used vernacular and classical languages
Went directly to original sources…classical and biblical
(i.e. __________ sources)
• A variety of knowledge is the ideal
Il Duomo of Florence
New Values
A. Classic Learning
B. Celebration of the individual
C. Bringing out man’s divinity;
D. _______________________
E. _______________________
D. Interest in nature
E. Enjoyment of worldly pleasures
humor
good food
entertainment
II. Renaissance began in
Northern Italy
A. Towns became cities
1. Genoa, Venice and Florence – 100,000 each
2. Pisa, Mantua, Milan
B. Banking, textiles and trade encouraged
independence
II. Northern Italy
B. Centers of trade and
interaction spur…
– intellectual activity
– economic growth
– artistic creativity
II. Renaissance began
in Northern Italy
C. Defeat of Holy Roman Empire at Battle
of Legnano (1176) by Lombard League of
cities.
– independent from feudalism
D. Merchants depended on their
wits, not feudal ties
1. Wealthy merchants
sought beautiful
things
2. They competed over
sponsoring artists
3. Medici’s of Florence
find Ghiberti,
Michelangelo
– Cosimo il Vecchio
1389-1464
Lorenzo 1449-92
THE MEDICI
• Cosimo…1389-1434
– astute statesman
– controlled city behind the scenes
• Lorenzo the magnificent
– ruled 1478-1492
– cautious and determined
– great patron of the arts
• “ Whoever wants to be happy,
let him be so: about tomorrow
there's no knowing.”
—Lorenzo The Magnificent
Medici Family
III. Early important writers and artists
break through
A. Giotto paints more lifelike figures in Padua
Giotto’s “Mourning of
Christ” 1305
Giotto’s epitaph - 1337
“I am he through whose merit the lost art of
painting was revived…But what need is there
for words? I am Giotto, and my name alone
tells more than a lengthy ode.”
III. Early important writers
B. Dante writes the Divine Comedy about a
journey into afterlife
C. Petrarch writes poetry
D. Castiglione writes of the well-rounded man
IV. Upper class women get more
education, but have less power
overall.
• Women are worshipped by Dante
(Beatrice), Petrarch (Laura), and other
artists
• Ideals of feminine beauty
IV. Upper class women get more
education, but have less power
overall.
• They have less economic and political
power.
• Exceptions existed however..
– Isabella d’Este of Mantua
– Caterina Sforza of Milan
– In Spain, Queen Isabella of Castile
Florence leads
• Filippo Brunelleschi
(1337–1446) is widely
considered the first
Renaissance architect.
– Santa Maria del Fiore,
called the Duomo
• Lorenzo Ghiberti
made doors of bronze
with panels of raised
images from Biblical
stories.
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Ghiberti’s
“Gates of Paradise”
(1435)
Can you tell what
the pictures depict?
Close-up of the “Gates of Paradise”
Massaccio perfects Perspective
• 1420s
• On foundation of
Giotto’s work on
creating roundness and
depth…
• Discovers vanishing
point…
– Parallel lines come
together in the distance
1426
Machiavelli wrote about politics
• Outraged by Lorenzo’s successor’s inability
to defend Florence against the French.
• Spanish and French both attack Italian citystates.
• 1513, writes The Prince
– He’s concerned with being politically effective in
the world of men.
– Even immoral acts can be justified here.
The Prince
• …for the lion cannot protect himself from the
traps, and the fox cannot defend himself from
wolves. One must therefore be a fox to
recognize traps, and a lion to fight wolves.
Leonardo da Vinci 1452- 15
• Inventor:
– Making metal screws
• Experimenter/scientist
– Hydraulics, bicycle, flippers
• Designer:
– Planes, submarines
• Drawer and Painter
– Mona Lisa
– The Last Supper
Da Vinci: Mona
Lisa (1503-5)27
Da Vinci: The Last Supper
(1490)
A Reproduction…
Aggressive Pope Julius II Remakes
Rome
• Courted, bullied artists
into coming to Rome
• Michelangelo and
Raphael
• 1508 Michelangelo
begins the Sistine Chapel
Portrait by Raphael
– An exasperated Pope was
impatient:
– “How much longer?”
– Finishes 4 years later
Michelangelo: The Creation of Man
(1508-12)
Michelangelo:
The Sistine
Chapel
( c.1508-1512)
Michelangelo:
The Last
Judgment
( c.1534-41)
A Close
up…
Also for the
Pope, by
Michelangelo:
Pieta
(1498-99)
Dome for St. Peter’s Basilica
As designed by Michelangelo, the
drum was completed by his death in
1564, but the dome on top was
slightly redesigned by Giacomo
Raphael: School of Athens
(1510-11)
Botticelli: The Birth of Venus
(about 1480)
Botticelli: Primavera
(c.1478)
Bellini:
St.
Francis in
Ecstasy
(c. 1485)
• Titian
–Madonna with
Child and
Members of
Pesaro Family
(1526)
Renaissance Spreads North
• Netherlands, Germany, Belgium (Flanders)
• More writing, more philosophy than Italy
• Gutenberg’s printing press: first use of moveable
type
– Bible printed
• Art:
– Fewer classical references
– More depictions of everyday events
– Less flesh and muscle
Van Eyck:
Giovanni and
His Bride
(1434)
Van Eyck: The Last
Judgment
(c. 1420-1425)
• Limbourg brothers
(Paul, Hermann and
Jean)
– Les Très Riches
Heures du Duc de
Berry
• (Medieval Book of
Hours)
• Hans Holbein
the Younger
– The Virgin and
Child with the
family of
Burgomaster
Meyer (1528)