Transcript Macromolecules Review Re-test

Macromolecules Re-test
Review
LSHS Science Department
YM 2010
Hypothesis
Hypothesis
A testable, possible
explanation of an observation
Theory
Theory
a well-tested explanation that unifies a
broad range of observations.
(Ex: Theory of Plate Tectonics, Evolution, Cell Theory, Germ
Theory, etc.)
What is a variable?
What is a variable?
factors that may affect an
experiment
Why are variables an important
part of an experiment?
Why are variables an important
part of an experiment?
Because they are important to test
the affect of changing only one
variable in order to get accurate
results
Controlled Experiment
Controlled Experiment
Factors that the scientists
keep the same in the
experiment
What is a control?
What is a control?
a set of conditions used for
comparison purposes
Why are controls an important
part of an experiment?
Why are controls an important
part of an experiment?
So we can compare results to
see if the experiment worked
Explain some possible reasons
for inconsistent results in an
experiment……
Explain some possible reasons
for inconsistent results in an
experiment……
*didn’t:
-record data correctly
-make good observations
-add correct chemicals
GRAPH 1: Analyze the graph
below. Explain the data in the
graph in complete sentences.
As more oxygen is made, the
amount of enzyme, Catalase,
increases
GRAPH 2:
Analyze the graph below. Explain the data in the
graph in complete sentences.
A researcher investigated two groups of Drosophila (fruit flies).
Population A was kept in a 0.5-L container. Population B was kept in a
1-L container.
1. At day 48, there were
150 flies in Group A
and 400 flies in Group
B.
2. There were more flies
in Group B because
they had more space
to reroduce.
MACROMOLECULES
Organic
MACROMOLECULES
Organic
Has the element Carbon
MACROMOLECULES
Monomer
MACROMOLECULES
Monomer
Small, simple units
MACROMOLECULES
Polymer
MACROMOLECULES
Polymer
Larger units made of
monomers
MACROMOLECULES
Polymerization
MACROMOLECULES
Polymerization
Process of
creating large,
macromolecules
MACROMOLECULES
Macromolecule
MACROMOLECULES
Macromolecules
“giant molecules”
NUCLEIC ACIDS
NUCLEIC ACIDS
Monomer: Nucleotide (phosphate, sugar &
nitrogen base)
Polymer: Nucleic Acid
Function: Store and transmit
genetic information
Examples: DNA & RNA
CARBOHYDRATES
CARBOHYDRATES
Monomer: Monosaccharide
Polymer: Polysaccharides
Function: Main source of energy in living things.
Examples:Sugars & Starches
Benedict’s solution.
In the presence of a
MONOSACCHARIDE and HEAT, it
changes from BLUE to RED/ORANGE.
Lugol’s Iodine solution.
In the presence of a starch, it
changes from BROWN to
BLUISH/BLACK.
LIPIDS
LIPIDS
Monomer: 3 fatty-acids and 1 glycerol head
Polymer: Lipids
Function: Waterproof coverings of cells, can be used for
long-term energy storage.
Examples:Fats, oils, waxes & steroids
1-Glycerol
Head
3-Fatty
Acid Tails
PROTEINS
PROTEINS
Monomer: Amino Acids
Polymer: Protein
Function: Form muscles & bones, transport substances and
control the rate of reactions in the body.
Examples:Hair, nails and enzymes
ENZYMES
Activation Energy
ENZYMES
Activation Energy
The energy needed to start a
chemical reaction.
ENZYMES
Catalyst
ENZYMES
Catalyst
Chemicals that can speed up
a chemical reaction.
ENZYMES
Enzyme
ENZYMES
Enzyme
Special types of proteins
ENZYMES
Explain the process of how
an enzyme works:
ENZYMES
Explain the process of how
an enzyme works:
A biological catalyst that
speeds up chemical reactions
by lowering activation energy
ENZYMES
What are the 4 factors that
affect enzyme function:
ENZYMES
What are the 4 factors that
affect enzyme function:
1. Change in temperature
2. Change in pH
3. Denaturation
4. Substrate Concentration
ENZYMES
What happens if ANY of these
conditions are altered?
ENZYMES
What happens if ANY of these
conditions are altered?
The enzyme will slow down
or not even work
What does “denature”
mean?
What does “denature” mean?
The proteins’ natural structure
is permanently changed.
What would be the approximate
pH in your stomach?
What would be the approximate
pH in your stomach?
2