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The Secret Of Heredity
This study is about:
•RNA
•DNA
RNA
Summary of RNA
Transfer RNA (tRNA) is a small (65-110 nucleotides)
molecule designed to carry activated amino acids to the site of
protein synthesis, the ribosome. It is long-lived (stable).
Ribosomal RNA (along with various proteins) forms the
ribosome, the site of protein synthesis, and one rRNA is the
catalyst for formation of the peptide bond (Science, June 5,
1992). Various species range in size from 4700 bases to about
120 bases. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic rRNAs are distinctly
different. rRNA is also long-lived (stable).
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is the carrier of genetic
information on the primary structure of proteins from DNA,
along with special features that allow it to attach to ribosomes
and function in protein synthesis. Its size depends on the size of
the protein for which it codes. It tends to be relatively shortlived, and its lifetime varies from molecular species to molecular
species (depending on the biological role of the protein).
The Basics of RNA
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Ribo Nucleic Acids consist of:
Ribose (a pentose = sugar with 5
carbons)
Phosphoric Acid
Organic
(nitrogenous)
bases:
Purines (Adenine and Guanine) and
Pyrimidines (Cytosine and Uracil)
An RNA molecule is a linear
polymer in which the monomers
(nucleotides) are linked together by
means of phosphodiester bridges,
or bonds. These bonds link the 3'
carbon in the ribose of one
nucleotide to the 5' carbon in the
ribose of the adjacent nucleotide.
NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEOSIDES
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Definitions Bases
Adenine
(A) Guanine (G) Cytosine (C)
Uracyl (U) The combination of
a ribose and a base
constitutes a nucleoside .
Adenosine
Guanosine
Cytidine
Uridine
The
combination of a phosphate, a
ribose and a base constitutes
a
nucleotide.
Adenylate
Guanylate
Cytidylate
Uridylate.
RNA
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The rule A+C=U+G CAN'T BE
APPLIED THERE
Because most RNA is single
stranded and does not form a
double helix.
Although each RNA molecule has only
a single polynucleotide chain, it is not
a smooth linear structure. It has
extensive regions of complementary
AU, or GC pairs. Therefore, the
molecule folds on itself forming
structures called hairpin loops. In the
base paired region, the RNA molecule
adopts a helical structure as in DNA
DNA
The components:
The deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA,
is a long chain of nucleotides.
1. Deoxyribose (a pentose =
sugar with 5 carbons)
2. Phosphoric Acid
3. Organic (nitrogenous) bases
(Purines - Adenine and
Guanine, or Pyrimidines Cytosine and Thymine)
Basics of DNA
DNA consists of two associated
polynucleotide strands that wind
together in a helical fashion. It is often
described as a double helix.
Each polynucleotide is a linear
polymer in which the monomers
(deoxynucleotides),
are
linked
together
by
means
of
phosphodiester bridges , or bonds.
These bonds link the 3' carbon in
the ribose of one deoxynucleotide
to the 5' carbon in the ribose of the
adjacent deoxynucleotide.
All about DNA
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The human diploid cell DNA
weighs
3.6
picogram(1
picogram=10^-12 g).
It is 173 cm long.
How ever the length and
weight vary according to the
place it occupies.
DNA
is located in the
chromosome
&
thus
chromosome
forms
the
vehicle
for
hereditary
transmission.
Functions of DNA
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DNA
the
genetic
material
helps
in
heredity.
DNA forms the raw
material
for
the
production of RNA.
DNA involves in the
structural & functional
activity of an organism.
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