Transcript Split Notes Cells and Life October 28, 2013

Split Notes Cells and Life
Explanations, Information, and
Key Terms
Concepts
1.Who was the first scientist to1. The first scientist to study the
cell was Robert Hooke.
actually study cells?
• Observed pieces of cork
oak
• Noticed small openings in
the bark
• Named the openings “cell”
from the Latin cellula,
meaning “small room”
2. Who were three men who 2. The three men who were involved
in the development of the cell
were involved in the
theory were Matthias Schleiden,
development of the cell
Thomas Schwann, and Rudolf
theory?
Verchow.
Split Notes Cells and Life
Key Terms
Explanations, Definitions, and Concepts
3.What type of cells was Schleiden 3. Schleiden studied plant cells.
Schwann studied animal cells.
studying?
4.What was Virchow’s contribution to4.
the cell theory?
Virchow’s contribution to the cell
theory was that all cells come from
pre-existing cells.
5. List the three tenets of the
cell theory.
The three tenets of the cell theory
are:
a. The cell is the smallest unit
of life.
b. All living things are made of
one or more cells.
c. New cells come from preexisting cells.
5.
Split Notes Cells and Life
Key Terms
6. What is the most important
ingredient in living cells?
Explanations, Definitions, and Concepts
6. The most important ingredient in all
living cells is water. Water is a polar
molecule, meaning that each end of
the molecule is charged. One end is
positively charged and the other end
is negatively charged. This enables
water to attract other substances that
have opposite charges.
7. What functions does water play in7. Water fills and surrounds cells and it
helps maintain homeostasis, or a
the body?
stable internal environment.
8. What is a macromolecule?
8. A macromolecule is a long chain of
small molecules that form substances
necessary for life.
Split Notes Cells and Life
Key Terms
Explanations, Definitions, and Concepts
9. What are the four types of 9.There are four types of
macromolecules:
macromolecules?
•
nucleic acids
•
proteins
•
lipids,
•
carbohydrates
10. What are nucleic acids? 10. Nucleic acids are
macromolecules that form when
long chains of molecules called
nucleotides join together.
Nucleic acids are important
because they carry genetic
information.
Split Notes Cells and Life
Key Terms
11.Describe the two kinds of
nucleic acids.
Explanations, Definitions, and Concepts
11. The two kinds of nucleic acids
are
a. Deoxyribonucleic acid
(DNA)
b. Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
DNA is found in the nucleus of a
cell. It passes genetic information
to offspring from parents. It
includes instructions for cell
growth, cell reproduction, and cell
processes that allow a cell to
respond to its environment. DNA is
used to make RNA. RNA is used
to make proteins.
Split Notes Cells and Life
Key Terms
12. What are proteins?
Explanations, Definitions,
and Concepts
12. Proteins are long chains of
amino acid molecules. They
are made from RNA. Proteins
have many functions in the
body. They:
• help cells communicate
with each other
• help break down
nutrients in food
• provide structural support
• help transport
substances around the
cells.
Split Notes Cells and Life
13. What is a lipid?
14. Why are lipids
important in the cell?
13. A lipid is a large
macromolecule that
does not dissolve in
water.
14. Lipids play an
important roles as
protective barriers in
the cell, in energy
storage, and in cell
communication.
Split Notes Cells and Life
15. What is a
carbohydrate?
16. What are the functions
of carbohydrates?
17. What is a plant
carbohydrate?
15. Carbohydrates are long
chains of sugar
molecules.
16.Carbohydrates store
energy, provide
structural support, and
are needed for
communication between
cells.
17. Cellulose is a
carbohrate in the cell
walls that provides
structural support.