Transcript 4 Types of Macromolecules

Warm Up (goes in 3-Brad folder)
Thursday, August 29, 2013
List 2 pieces of safety equipment found in
our class room.
Warm Up (goes in 3-Brad folder)
Friday, August 30, 2013
1. List 2 foods you would consider
“Healthy.”
2. List 2 foods you would consider
“Unhealthy.”
Warm Up (goes in 3-Brad folder)
Wednesday, September 4, 2013
What is one consequence of eating
unhealthy food and being physically
inactive?
Objectives (write in cues section)
1. Describe why macromolecules are
important for living organisms.
2. List 4 types of macromolecules.
3. Compare the structures (struc.) and
functions (func.) of different (diff.) types
of macromolecules.
Where do we get our energy?
• Food = fuel
• Sun’s Energy 
Captured & stored by green plants 
Passed along in fruits & seeds to animals 
Animals eat other animals
Why do we need food?
• Provides energy for all of the body’s functions:
1) beating of the heart
2) elimination of wastes
3) transmission of electrical (elec.)
& chemical (chem.) signals in the nervous
system
Why do you care?
• Poor food choices, dietary habits, and physical
inactivity lead to:
- Cardiovascular disease (CVD)
- Obesity
- Diabetes
- Certain types of cancer (colon, etc)
• Need 40 different nutrients to
maintain good health
• Need a wide variety of foods
Macromolecules
Organic Nutrients = produced and made by
living things
AKA (also known as):
- Macronutrients
- Biomolecules
Latin Roots: (write in cues section of notes)
1) Macro = large
2) Bio = life
Monomer vs Polymer
• Monomer = one piece
•Latin Root: mono = one
• Polymer = many pieces
•Latin Roots: poly = many
4 Types of Macromolecules
1. Carbohydrates (aka Carbs)
2. Lipids (aka Fats)
3. Proteins
4. Nucleic Acids
CARBOHYDRATES
• Made up of only 3 elements: CHO
1. Carbon
2. Hydrogen
3. Oxygen
• Have a hexagonal shape
One ring = monosaccharide
(Latin Root: Mono = one)
Two saccharides (2 rings)
= disaccharide
(Latin Root: di = two)
String a bunch of monosaccharides together =
Polysaccharide
(Latin Root:
poly = many)
WHY ARE CARBOHYDRATES
IMPORTANT?
• Body’s major source of steady energy
• 50% (45 – 60%) of daily caloric intake
•Aids the body in removing fats
• Reduces blood cholesterol & blood
glucose
• Fiber decrease risk of colon cancer
WHAT FOODS CONTAIN
CARBOHYDRATES?
• AKA: Sugars & Starches
• Complex Carbohydrates
Food sources: breads, cereals, pastas, grains
• Dietary Fiber
Food Sources: oats, fruits, barley, legumes, wheat,
cereal, vegetables, and the skins of fruits
• Simple Sugars
Food Sources: milk, fruit, honey, cookies, candy
Lets make a foldable for review.
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Front:
Make a riddle
for
Carbohydrates.
(folds down)
Bottom flap:
draw the structure.
(folds up)
Mid flap:
biomolecule name
and importance.
When your foldable is complete, please tape or glue it to
the blank sheet of paper.
Warm Up
Thursday September 5, 2013
1. List the elements found in
carbohydrates.
2. Draw a picture of a carbohydrate.
LIPIDS
• Contain 3 elements: CHO
1. Carbon
2. Hydrogen
3. Oxygen
• Forms a chain
Why are lipids important?
1. Storage of energy (2ndary source)
2. Satisfies appetite
3. Transports vitamins A, D, E, & K
4. Thermal insulation
5. Mechanical Protection (surrounds
vital organs)
6. Waterproofing (Ex: ear wax)
WHAT FOODS CONTAIN
LIPIDS?
AKA fats and oils
Types of Fats:
1. Unsaturated (good)
Food Sources (derived from plant products):
olives, peanuts, corn and canola oils
2. Saturated (bad)
Food Sources (derived from animal products):
meats, lard, cream, butter, cheese, and whole milk
3. Trans Fats
Food Sources: typically do not occur naturally in
plant or animal products
Lets make a foldable for review.
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Front:
Make a riddle for
Lipids.
(folds down)
Bottom flap:
draw the structure.
(folds up)
Mid flap:
biomolecule name
and importance.
When your foldable is complete, please tape or glue it to
the blank sheet next to your carbohydrate foldable.
PROTEINS
Composed of 4 elements: CHON
1. Carbon
2. Hydrogen
3. Oxygen
4. Nitrogen
Amino Acid = building block of proteins
PROTEINS
There are 20 different amino acids
-11 are produced
by the body (nonessential)
- 9 are not made
by the body
(essential)
WHY ARE PROTEINS IMPORTANT?
1. Growth, maintenance, & repair of all body tissues
(muscles, blood, bones, internal organs, skin, hair,
& nails)
2. Needed in the synthesis of enzymes, hormones, and
antibodies
Note: Enzymes = proteins that regulate chemical
reactions in your body
Synthesis = to create
WHY ARE PROTEINS IMPORTANT?
3. Proteins form some of the entrances and exits through
the cell.
TOO MUCH PROTEIN?
Excess protein can:
1. Damage the kidneys
2. Increase calcium excretion
3. Affect bone health
4. Inhibit muscle growth
5. Inhibit endurance performance
Protein Food Sources
- Make up 25% (15-35)% of daily calories
-Include:
- All Meats:
- Beef
- Pork
- Poultry (chicken, turkey, duck)
- Fish (salmon, trout, flounder, etc)
- Seeds & Nuts
- Legumes/Beans (black, kidney, pinto, etc)
- Eggs
- Dairy products (milk, cheeses, yogurt)
***Lots of sources are high in saturated
fat***
Lets make a foldable for review.
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Front:
Make a riddle
for Proteins.
(folds down)
Bottom flap:
draw the structure.
(folds up)
Mid flap:
biomolecule name
and importance.
When your foldable is complete, please tape or glue it to
next the blank page in your notebook.
Warm Up
Friday, September 6, 2013
1. What is another name for lipid?
2. What is an amino acid?
NUCLEIC ACIDS
Composed of 5 elements: CHON-P
1. Carbon
2. Hydrogen
3. Oxygen
4. Nitrogen
5. Phosporus
Nucleotide = building block of
nucleic acids
Why are NUCLEIC ACIDS Important?
• Make up genetic material (DNA and RNA)
• 4 types nucleic acids:
1. Adenine (A)
2. Guanine (G)
3. Cytosine (C)
4. Thymine (T)
WHY ARE NUCLEIC ACIDS
IMPORTANT?
1. Used to make
proteins
2. Carry heredity
information from
generation to
generation
Lets make a foldable for review..
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Front:
Make a riddle
for Nucleic
Acids.
(folds down)
Bottom flap:
draw the structure.
(folds up)
Mid flap:
biomolecule name
and importance.
When your foldable is complete, please tape of glue it to
next the blank page in your notebook.
Let’s Review:
IDENTIFY EACH OF THE FOLLOWING…
PROTEINS
LIPIDS
CARBOHYDRATES
Let’s Review:
IDENTIFY EACH OF THE FOLLOWING…