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The Renaissance
What is the Renaissance?
Art?
Literature?
Philosophy?
Revival of society?
Making the World a better place after the Black
Death?
The Awakening
Renaissance “Rebirth”
 Began in Florence, Italy
 Movement in which people became interested
in the art, social, scientific, and political ideas
of ancient Greece and Rome
 People wanted more
luxurious things
Why Italy?
Italy had been the center of
Rome Empire
Still a lot of Greek and
Roman art, ruins, culture, and
interest there.
Italian cities had become very
wealthy.
Population of Italy becoming
more urban
Could afford to pay painters,
sculptors, architects, and
other artists to produce new
works.
Italian Wealth
Italy was never fully
united under one
kingdom
This led to many wealthy
city-states
Trade
Great geography
 Peninsula
 Coastlines and Ports
Location in Mediterranean Sea
 Spain and France to the
west
 Byzantines and Ottoman
Empire to the East
 North Africa and Arabs to
the South
Venice
Wealthiest city-state
Home of Marco Polo
Wealth came from
trade, building canals
and water ways, and
shipbuilding.
Government
Urban Nobles- Wealthy men
of Italian city-states
Got wealthy from land and
trade
Blend of wealth merchants and
noble families
Republic-government
controlled by the people
Often ruled by powerful man
Diplomacy
Read pages 616 and 617
The Value of City-States
Humanism
New way to
understand world
Use reason more than
religion
Based on values of
ancient Greeks and
Romans
Balance between faith
and reason
Individual and
human society
important
Be educated and try
to achieve new
discoveries and great
inventions
Humanism
Studied many different topics such as:
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Plants
Animals
Human anatomy
Medicine
Astronomy-Stars and Planets
Mathematics
Ancient philosophy
Archeology
Study the past
Petrarch-Poet and scholar
Encouraged people to study past
philosophy and literature
Literature
Wrote in Latin and the vernacular
Dante Alighieri-The Divine Comedy-Tale of
a man and his epic journey from hell to
heaven.
Chaucer-The Canterbury Tales
Art in the Renaissance
Donatello
 Relief sculpture
Raphael
Michelangelo
 Sistine Chapel
 Pieta
 David
Leonardo da Vinci
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Mona Lisa
Last Supper
1st to draw human body accurately
Scientist
Donatello
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donatello
St. John the Baptist
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donatello
Raphael
http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/raphael/
Maddalena
http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/raphael/
Madonna dell Granduca
c. 1505 (110 kB); Oil on wood, 84 x 55 cm (33 x 21 1/2 in);
Palazzo Pitti, Florence
http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/raphael/
Michelangelo
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Michelango_Portrait_by_Volterra.jpg
Sistine Chapel
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelangelo
Pieta
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelangelo
David
jr053.k12.sd.us
Leonardo da Vinci
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci
Mona Lisa
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci
Last Supper
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci
Read Page 621-623
Revolution in Science
Use reason and scientific method
Copernicus
 Earth was not the center of the universe
Galileo
 Agreed with Copernicus
• Against Catholic Church and put under house
arrest
 Improved the telescope and pointed it to the
sky
Copernicus
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaus_Copernicus
Galileo
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo_Galilei
Renaissance Inventions
Moveable type printing press
 1440s
 Johannes Guttenberg
 Books accessible to more people so more learned to
read
Watch
 Early 1500s
Microscope
 Late 1500s-1600s
Air thermometer
 1592
Renaissance Spreads
Renaissance reached
England in the late
1500s
Theater became more
and more popular
All social classes
could attend
William Shakespeare
Greatest English writer of the era
Emphasized the vernacular
Wrote of the human emotions,
strengths, weakness, and
resistance to or acceptance in
society
Wrote tragedies, comedies, and
historical plays
Hamlet, Macbeth, Romeo and
Juliet, A Midsummer Night’s
Dream, Much Ado About Nothing,
Henry V, Richard III
Globe Theater
A Midsummer Night’s Dream
Read story on page 627
The Need for Church Reform
Church became wealthy but corrupt during the Middle
Ages
 Indulgences- pardons people of their sin
• Church began selling them
Martin Luther
 Challenged that people could interpret the Bible themselves and
he was excommunicated
 Those who agreed with him became Lutherans
Reformation-Other Christians broke off of the Catholic
Church
 Protestants
Counter Reformation
 Council of Trent (1545)
 Ban on selling indulgences
Lesson 1 Review Questions
What does Renaissance mean?
How did Europeans’ thinking change during the Renaissance?
How did Petrarch influence people during the Renaissance in
Europe?
Which was the first country to experience the cultural and economic
rebirth in Europe?
What did Copernicus do?
What did Galileo do?
Did Religion become more unified during this time?
What were the effects of the printing press?
What practice led to the Reformation?
Who and what led to the emergence of Lutheranism?
What was the Counter Reformation?
What other Christian Religions emerged at this time?