Transcript Carbon Compounds

Do Now – Section 2.3
1. What element is considered the building
block of life?
1. Carbon
2. How many electrons does carbon have
available for bonding?
1. 4
3. What type of bond does carbon form?
1. Covalent bonds
PROJECT DUE NEXT TUESDAY!
Objectives: Describe the bonding properties of carbon atoms.
- Compare carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Section 2.3
Do Now:
• List 2 types of nucleic acids?
– DNA & RNA
• What are the monomers of proteins?
– Amino acids
– Homework: Project due tomorrow!
– Extra Credit on Saturday!
Section 2.3
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
True
False
True
False
Students should
sketch one of the
following, based on
Figure 3.1 in the
student text: straight
chain, branched chain,
or ring.
6. Provide energy
7.
starches, sugar
8.
Store energy
9.
fat, oils
10. source of amino
acids
11. beans, meat, nuts
12. map for making
proteins
13. DNA, RNA
14. polymer
Section 2.4
1. reactants, products;
reactants, products
2. chemical bonds
3. Reactants
4. Atoms
5. same rate
6. False
7. True
8. True
9. False
10. False
11. chemical reaction that
absorbs more energy than it
releases
12. chemical reaction that
releases more energy than it
absorb
13. amount of energy that needs
to be absorbed for a chemical
reaction to start
14. substances changed during a
chemical reaction
15. substances made by a
chemical reaction
16. state reached when reactants
and products are made at the
same rate
17. amount of energy that will
break a bond between two
atoms
Carbon-Based Molecules
Section 2.3
Objectives: Describe the bonding properties of carbon atoms.
- Compare carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Carbon Compounds
What does it mean to be organic?
Organic compounds- compounds containing
CARBON
Carbon >contains 4 valence e> can form 4 covalent
bonds with itself or other
elements
Large carbon compounds
(analogy= necklace)
•
Monomers are simple carbon molecules.
Ex. Link in necklace
•
Polymers are molecules made of many
monomers. (monomer + monomer =
polymer) Ex. Whole necklace
•
Macromolecules are made of many
polymers (polymer + polymer =
macromolecule) Ex. Multi chain necklace
How do Monomers link to
form Polymers???
…through condensation reactions (called
dehydration synthesis)
Dehydration synthesis- chemical reaction
in which one monomer donates a hydroxyl
(OH-) and the other monomer donates a
hydrogen (H) forming water (H2O)
Hydrolysis – reverse process of dehydrations synthesis
or a condensation reaction. (Breakdown of complex mol.)
Complete this Dehydration Synthesis Reaction
+
Answer:
+ H20
Do Now
• What is the element found in all organic
compounds?
– Carbon
• What is the process called that links two
monomers together to form a polymer?
– Dehydration synthesis or condensation
reaction
• What is removed during the above
process?
– Water
Organic Compounds
 There are 4 main classes of organic
compounds which are essential to the life
processes of all living things.
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
I. Carbohydrates
 Elements: C, H, O in 1:2:1 ratio (double hydrogen)
 Monosaccharides –monomer of carbs like
sugars
 Main fuel provider and energy source of living
things, used for structures in cells
Polysaccharides
 Polymer made of 3 or more
monosaccharides
 Ex. 1. Glycogen (animal starch)
 Excess sugar (glycogen) is
released from liver when your
blood sugar runs low
2. Cellulose (in plants)
 Tough, flexible (found in cell
wall)  gives plants rigidity &
strength.
II. Proteins
 Elements: C, H, O, N and sometimes
sulfur
 Monomer = Amino Acids (20 kinds)
 For building bones and muscles, as well
as cell membranes and enzymes
 Foods- Fish, poultry, soy, beans
Proteins
 Proteins are made of monomers of amino
acids
 Dipeptides – 2 Amino Acids
 Polypeptides- chain of Amino Acids
 Enzymes = polypeptides
 Peptide Bonds links amino acids
together
III. Lipids
 Elements: C, H (in high ratio) & O
 Monomer = 1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids
 Used to store energy. Important part in
biological membranes and waterproof
covering
 Ex. Fats, oils, waxes
– Fatty acids
– Complex Lipids
 NOT water soluble (do NOT dissolve in
water)
Fatty Acids
1.
Fatty acids – unbranched fatty
acid chain makes up most lipids
a)
Saturated fatty acids have each
C always bonded to four other
atoms. Max # of Hydrogen
atoms
Unsaturated fatty acids have
double/triple bonds between
carbons.
b)
Phospholipid
Open your textbooks to page 45.
Draw Figure 3.5 phospholipid. Label the head and
the tail.
1. How would the polar head of a phospholipid
respond to water molecules?
2. How would the nonpolar tails respond to water
molecules?
IV. Nucleic Acids
 Composed of C, H, O, N and P
 Monomer = Nucleotide
made of 3 components
1. phosphate group
2. 5-carbon sugar
3. Nitrogen base
 Store important information for
the cell
 Ex. DNA  cellular information
RNA  stores/transfers
information to make proteins