Transcript 113 Chapter 15 section 1 The Italian Renaissance

Chapter 15
section 1
THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE
KEY TERMS
Renaissance
 Humanism
 Secular
 Baldassare Castiglione
 Niccolo Machievelli
 Lorenzo Medici
 Leonardo da Vinci
 Michelangelo Buonarroti
 Raphael
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CHANGES IN SOCIETY
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Black Death weakened
Europe
Lower population meant
food surplus
Price declined
Europe began to
specialize in agriculture
products
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England wool
Germany grain
THE RISE OF CITY-STATES
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Urban areas started to
specialize
Venice, Milan, Florence
bustled with commerce
Church, nobles
merchants and artisans
dominate
Painting, sculpture,
architecture increased ti
display wealth
THE RISE OF CITY STATES
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Venice had access to
the sea
Traded around the
Mediterranean
Venetian merchants
some of the wealthiest
in the world
Used wealth to build a
unique city
The Rise of City-States
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Milan economy was
agriculture, silk, and
weapons
Florence was famous for its
banking
Monarchs asked Florence
banks for money for war
Merchants refined wool to
sell abroad
Florence rivaled all over
Europe
RENAISSANCE IDEAS
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Means rebirth
Thriving cities,
increased trade, wealthy
merchant class
Renewed interest in
learning
Remarkable
developments in art,
literature, science and
learning
INSPIRATION FROM THE ANCIENTS
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Carried Greek scholars
Seeking refuge from
Ottomans
Brought works of
ancient writers
New ideas to Italian who
could read
Began to think of
classical thinkers
HUMANISM
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Characteristics of a
good education
Education gives way to
the classics
Rhetoric, grammar,
poetry, history, and
Latin
Humanism- humanities
are the above subjects
HUMANISM
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Church teachings were
individuality and
achievement unimportant
Humanists- emphasized
the individual
Human potential
unlimited
Giovanni Mirandola –
wrote of the importance
of the human mind
HUMANISM
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Dante Alighieri- roots of
humanism
Focus on human nature
Giovanni Boccaccio and
Francesco Petrarch
Wrote in the vernacular
Advances in medicine
Leonardo da Vinci- study
of anatomy
Progress in astronomy
SECULAR WRITERS
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Church no longer
provided stability
Looking for comfort and
guidance
Petrarch’s ideas
Secular- they had
worldly instead of
spiritual view
SECULAR WRITERS
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Individual achievement
and education to be
used in service to the
city
Renaissance manuniversal man respond
to all situations
BALDSASSARE CASTIGLIONE
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1528 (Courtier)
About gentlemen and
women
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How they should act
Speak on serious and
amusing subject
Knowledge of Greek and
Latin
Well acquainted with
poetry and history
Write prose and poetry
NICCOLO MACHIAVELLI
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From Florence
Political philosopher
and statesman
Experience with violent
politics
Wrote the Prince
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Seemed to encourage
harsh treatment of
people
NICCOLO MACHIAVELLI
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Describes man as
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Ungrateful
Fickle
Liars, deceivers
Advises rulers to
separate morals and
politics
Power and ruthlessness
NICCOLO MACHIAVELLI
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Must do whatever to
maintain political power
“the end justifies the
means”
State was separate from
the ruler
Became foundation for
later political philosophy
SCIENCE AND THE RENAISSANCE
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Found scientific
information in Arab texts
New ideas about the
natural world
Science was becoming
important
Challenged church’s
teaching on the world
SCIENCE AND THE RENAISSANCE
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Claimed earth was not
the center of the
universe
Nicholas Copernicussuggested the sun was
the center
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Planets orbit the stars
Galileo Galilei wrote
earth orbited the sun
He was arrested by
church officials
RENAISSANCE ART
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Depicted things in
nature
Artists worked for the
highest bidders
Wealthy individuals, city
governments, church
Competition to who
could display the most
art
Renaissance Art
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Florence had the Medici
family
Lorenzo de Medici well
educated poet
supported artists
Styles and Techniques
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Paint natural world as
realistically as possible
Perspective- artist
represent a three
dimensional object on
flat surfaces
Religious paintings
focused human
personality and religious
signicnace
Styles and Techniques
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Style of buildings
affected by humanism
Reverence for Greek
culture
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Public buildings had
columns
And domes
Both inspired by Greek
and Roman architecture
Leonardo da Vinci
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Talented painter, writer,
inventor, architect, engineer,
mathematician,
Last Supper, night before
crucifixion
Mona Lisa, complexity of
human spirit
Flying machine, tank,
human anatomy sketches,
machine gun, threads on
screws
Michelangelo
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Age 24 sculpted the
Pieta
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Mary holding Jesus
Themes of love, grief,
acceptance and
immortality
David
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13 foot statue
Represents human form
Depth of expression
Painted Cistine Chapel
MICHELANGELO
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Painted the Sistine
Chapel
Scenes of the Old
Testament
Greatest artistic
achievement
Painted on his back less
than 4 feet from the
ceiling
Raphael
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School of Athens
(Fresco)
Made of fresh moist
plaster
Shows Aristotle and
Plato surrounded by
philosophers past and
present
Paintings of the
Madonna and Jesus
Bramante
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Chosen architect of
Rome
Designed Saint Peter’s
Basilica
Influenced the
appearance of much
smaller churches