Transcript FUNCTION-coenzyme in energy metabolism

25 OCTOBER 2010
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AA DISPLACEMENT THEME
SEABUCKTHORN BERRIES-FUNCTIONAL FOOD
CONTAINING OMEGA 3 (ALA) AND OMEGA 6(18:2) FATTY
ACIDS
Thrombin formed as result of intrinsic
and extrinsic pathways for coagulation
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BODY FAT ACCUMULATION
Waist – all males and post-menopausal
females
Hips- pre-menopausal females
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Lecture 7a- 25 October 2010
Water-soluble vitamins
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VITAMINS-SOME GENERAL COMMENTS
INDIVIDUAL MOLECULES-structures
DO NOT PROVIDE ENERGY-NO KCAL
VALUE BUT CAN ASSIST AS COENZYMES
IN METABOLISM THAT YIELDS ENERGY
ARE NEEDED IN MICROGRAM OR
MILLIGRAM QUANTITIES AND
THEREFORE ARE MICRONUTRIENTS
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WHAT ARE THE WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS
B CLASS AND C
B CLASS
THIAMINE (VITAMIN B1)
RIBOFLAVIN (VITAMIN B2)
NIACIN (VITAMIN B3)
VITAMIN B6
FOLATE
VITAMIN B12
PANTOTHENIC ACID
BIOTIN
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B CLASS
THIAMINE (VITAMIN B1)
FUNCTION-coenzyme in energy metabolism
-normal appetite
-nervous system functioning
SOURCES-whole grains, liver, legumes, nuts
DEFICIENCIES- beriberi (mental confusion, peripheral
paralysis, anorexia, edema)
TOXICITIES – none known
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RIBOFLAVIN (VITAMIN B2)
FUNCTION-coenzyme in energy metabolism,
-tryptophan to niacin conversion
SOURCES- milk and other dairy products, whole
grain breads, eggs meat, green leafy vegetables
DEFICIENCIES- dermatitis, cracking of the lips,
swollen tongue, photophobia, reddening of the
cornea
TOXICITIES-none reported
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NIACIN (VITAMIN B3)
FUNCTION-coenzyme in energy metabolism
-promotes normal nervous system function
SOURCES-all protein foods, whole grain and
enriched breads and cereals
DEFICIENCIES-4 Ds (pellagra-dermatitis, diarrhea,
dementia, death)
TOXICITIES-flushing, liver damage, low blood pressure,
gastric ulcers, diarrhea (deficiencies)?, nausea, vomiting
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VITAMIN B6
FUNCTION-coenzyme in amino acid and fatty acid
metabolism
-helps convert tryptophan to niacin
-helps produce insulin, hemoglobin and
nerve coverings and antibodies
SOURCES –meats, fish, poultry, fruits, green leafy
vegetables, whole grains, nuts
DEFICIENCIES-dermatitis, cracking of the lips,
swollen tongue, abnormal brain wave pattern,
convulsions, and anemia
TOXICITIES-depression, fatigue, irritability,
headaches
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FOLATE
FUNCTION-coenzymes in DNA synthesis
-vital for new cell synthesis and transmission of heredity
SOURCES-leafy vegetables, legumes, seeds, liver,
orange juice, fortified foods (eg breads)
DEFICIENCIES-diarrhea, swollen tongue, anemia,
depression, mental confusion, fainting, fatigue
TOXICITIES- mask B12 deficiency
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VITAMIN B12
FUNCTION-coenzyme in the synthesis of new cells
-activates folate
-maintains nerve cells
-metabolism of some fatty and amino acids
SOURCES-meat, fish, poultry, milk, dairy products, eggs
DEFICIENCIES-glossitis, anorexia, indigestion, weight
loss, anemia, numbing of hands and feet, decreased sense
of position, poor muscle coordination, poor memory,
irritability, depression, paranoia, delirium and hallucinations
TOXICITIES-none reported
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PANTOTHENIC ACID
FUNCTION-part of coenzyme A used in energy
metabolism
SOURCES-meat, poultry, whole grain cereals and
legumes
DEFICIENCIES-rare- general failure
TOXICITIES-perhaps diarrhea
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BIOTIN
FUNCTION-coenzyme -energy metabolism
-fatty acid synthesis
-amino acid metabolism,
-glycogen formation
SOURCES-eggs, liver, yeast breads,
gastrointestinal tract flora
DEFICIENCIES rare-anorexia, fatigue, depression,
dry skin, heart abnormalities
TOXICITIES-none reported
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VITAMIN C
FUNCTION- collagen synthesis, antioxidant, promotes
iron absorption, hormone synthesis, immune function
SOURCES-citrus fruits and juices, broccoli, cauliflower,
cantaloupe, kiwi fruit, mustard greens, strawberries,
tomatoes
DEFICIENCIES-scurvy (bleeding, muscle degeneration,
delayed wound healing)
TOXICITIES-diarrhea, cramps,headache, insomnia,
fatigue, hot flashes, gout, aggravation
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WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS
ABSORPTION AND TRANSPORT
ABSORPTION-DIRECTLY INTO BLOOD
VIA FACILITATED
TRANSPORT
TRANSPORT-TRANSPORTED FREELY IN
BLOOD
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FUNCTIONAL FOODS
ALL OF FOODS HAVING SIGNIFICANT
AMOUNTS OF VARIOUS VITAMINS
TWO ISSUES
CONCENTRATIONS
SEPARATION OF EFFECTS- EG CANCER
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VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTS
(VITAMINS AS NUTRACEUTICALS)
No need if good diet- good diet will meet the nutritional
functions of the vitamins
Can get beneficial effects that cannot get from diet
(concentration issue)
Here get concentration but also potential toxicity
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VITAMINS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE
HEART DISEASE
NIACIN-LOWER CHOLESTEROL AND
LDL AND INCREASE HDL
VITAMIN C-ANTIOXIDANT
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VITAMINS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE CONTINUED
STROKE
NIACIN-LIPID LEVELS
VITAMIN C-ANTIOXIDANT
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VITAMINS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE CONTINUED
CANCER
VITAMIN C-ANTIOXIDANT
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VITAMINS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE CONTINUED
METABOLIC STRESS: INFECTION,
TRAUMA (E.G. HEAD INJURY)
BURNS
SURGERY
INCREASED NEED, DUE TO FLUID LOSS,
FOR B AND C VITAMINS
-B AND C VITAMINS GIVEN THROUGH :
FEEDING TUBE-OR INTRAVENOUSLY
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VITAMINS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE CONTINUED
BIRTH DEFECTS-NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS (NTDs)
E.G. SPINA BIFIDA
PRIOR TO PREGNANCY- FEMALE USE OF
FOLATE TO
PREVENT NTDs
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VITAMINS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE CONTINUED
COMMON COLD
VITAMIN C
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VITAMINS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE CONTINUED
SMOKING
BODY VITAMIN C LEVELS ARE
DECREASED BY SMOKING
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WHATS NEW IN WATER SOLUBLE VITAMIN
RESEARCH
HIGHER FEMORAL NECK BONE DENSITY IN
ELDERLY MEN AND WOMEN CONSUMING
HIGHER AMOUNTS OF B6
ALSO THEY HAD REDUCED RISK
OF NON-VERTEBRAL
FRACTURES
BONE 2007
AUTHORS ARE Yazanpanah et al.
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