Transcript 1101Lecture 26 powerpoint

Note
Final Exam-please check final schedule
Sydney River Superstore tour-22 March-10:2511:00 am
Lecture 26- 11 March 2016
Vitamins
Water soluble
Fat soluble (15 March)
Vitamins assist in many functions in the body
Vitamin are micronutrients because they are taken
in amounts that are less than grams
Vitamins are needed in the diet in milligram or
microgram amounts
A milligram is 1/1000 of gram
A microgram is 1/1,000,000 of a gram
Water-soluble vitamins
Categorised into B vitamins and vitamin C
Lists of functions, sources, toxicities and
deficiencies are not comprehensive
Deficiencies usually result in loss of vitamin
function
Vitamin B1 (thiamine)
Function- carbohydrate metabolism
Sources-pork and wheat germ, legumes,
watermelon, enriched grain products
Deficiency- beriberi- generalised weakness
Toxicity- none reported to date
Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)
Function- carbohydrate and fat metabolism
Sources-most animal and plant foods,liver and
kidney, milk and dairy products and ready to eat
cereals and enriched grain products are best
Deficiency-rare but barbiturate drugs lead to
riboflavin metabolism
-cancer, heart disease and diabetes may cause
riboflavin deficiency
Toxicity- none reported to date
Vitamin B3 (niacin)
Function- carbohydrate, fat and protein
metabolism
Sources- meat, poultry, fish, peanuts, mushrooms,
enriched and whole grain breads
Deficiency- 4 Ds- diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia,
death
Toxicity- flushing of skin, glucose intolerance and
blurred vision
Vitamin B6
Function- carbohydrate metabolism,
neurotransmitter synthesis, conversion of
tryptophan to niacin
Sources-fortified ready to eat cereals, fish, meat,
poultry, white potatoes
Deficiency- rare- anemia, depression, confusion,
convulsions
Toxicity- irreversible nerve damage, numbness,
reduced walking ability
Folate
Function- DNA synthesis, amino acid synthesis, cell
division and cell maturation
Sources- fortified ready to eat cereals, dark leafy
vegetables, chicken liver
Deficiency-anemia, neural tube defects
Toxicity- hives, respiratory distress, may mask
vitamin B12 deficiency
Vitamin B12
Function- folate metabolism, nerve-covering
maintenance
Sources-fortified ready to eat cereals, some fortified
soy milks, plants have only inactive form of B12
Deficiency- anemia
Toxicity- none reported to date
Pantothenic acid
Function- fatty acid synthesis
Sources-chicken, beef, potatoes, oats
Deficiency- rare-irritability
Toxicity- none reported to date
Biotin
Function- carbohydrate, fat and amino acid
metabolism
Sources-cauliflower, liver, peanuts
Deficiency- hair loss, rash, convulsions
Toxicity- none reported to date
Vitamin C
Function- collagen synthesis, antioxidant, iron
absorption
Sources-potatoes, citrus fruits, broccoli,
strawberries
Deficiency- scurvy
Toxicity- nausea, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, and
nose bleeds