Transcript Metabolism
Got bands? • With your primers vs CF genomic DNA Announcements • Homework: Mutation Translation due • VF: If want to participate in pass with a TA email me by midnight today. As mentioned before, please study the Photosynthesis movie from website, textbook has errors. What’s wrong with this picture? Primary acceptor Primary acceptor Fd Fd Pq NADP+ reductase Cytochrome complex NADPH Pc Photosystem I Photosystem II ATP NADP+ + H+ Announcements • Homework: Mutation Translation due • VF: If want to participate in pass with a TA email me by midnight today. As mentioned before, please study the Photosynthesis movie from website, textbook has errors. • Exam II: Requested early, try for Thursday. • Textbook: For today you were to read 6 pages on Metabolism. Stand up my peeps. Make the mRNA then protein ATGGTACGC Make the mRNA then protein 5’-ATGGTACGC Make the mRNA then protein 5’-ATGGTACGC (sense) Make the mRNA then protein 5’-ATGGTACGC (sense) Where’s AUG?! Make the mRNA then protein 5’-ATGGTACGC (sense) Make the mRNA then protein 5’-ATGGTACGC (sense) 5’-AUGGUACGC Make the mRNA then protein 5’-ATGGTACGC (sense) 5’-AUGGUACGC 5’-UACCAUGCG Make the mRNA then protein 5’-ATGGTACGC Make the mRNA then protein 5’-ATGGTACGC 3’-TACCATGCG Make the mRNA then protein 5’-ATGGTACGC 3’-TACCATGCG Make the mRNA then protein 5’-ATGGTACGC 5’-AUGGUACGC 3’-TACCATGCG Make the mRNA then protein 5’-ATGGTACGC (sense) 5’-AUGGUACGC Make the mRNA then protein 3’-ATGGTACGC (sense) Make the mRNA then protein 5’-CGCATGGTA (sense) Ribosome mRNA Signal peptide Signal peptide removed Signalrecognition particle (SRP) CYTOSOL ER LUMEN SRP receptor protein Translocation complex ER membrane Protein Protein Synthesis 1971 Protein Synthesis 1971 LISTEN Sucrose (C12H22O11) Sucrase Glucose (C6H12O6) Fructose (C6H12O6) Enzymes you know? Substrate Active site Enzyme (a) Enzyme-substrate complex (b) Linus Pauling Nobel Prize Chemistry & Nobel Peace Prize • “I think that enzymes are molecules that are complementary in structure to the activated complexes of the reactions that they catalyse” A B C D Transition state A B C D EA Reactants A B ∆G < O C D Products Progress of the reaction Course of reaction without enzyme EA without enzyme EA with enzyme is lower Reactants Course of reaction with enzyme ∆G is unaffected by enzyme Products Progress of the reaction Regulation of Activity [Feedback] Substrate Active site Competitive inhibitor Enzyme Noncompetitive inhibitor (a) Normal binding (b) Competitive inhibition (c) Noncompetitive inhibition What is product inhibition or negative feedback? Start of pathway X Enzyme 1 Intermediate Enzyme 2 Presence of product inhibits enzyme 1 Intermediate Enzyme 3 Product PROTEINS, CARBOHYDRATES AND FATS CAN ALL FURNISH SUBSTRATES FOR CELLULAR RESPIRATION Fatty acids Fats Carbs Proteins Glycerol Sugars Glucose Pyruvate Amino acids NH3 Acetyl CoA Leaves contain millions of chloroplasts. Cell Chloroplasts Chloroplasts are highly structured, membrane-rich organelles. Outer membrane Inter membrane space Inner membrane Granum Stroma Outer membrane Intermembrane space Inner membrane ? Cristae 424 nm A vesicle formed from an “inside-out” mitochondrial membrane Membrane proteins with a “stalk” and “knob” What do the “stalk-and-knob” proteins do? Observation 1: When knobs are shaken off vesicles, no ATP synthesis occurs. Observation 2: Isolated knobs can Hydrolyze ATP to ADP + Pi . Observation 3: When knobs are added back to vesicles, ATP synthesis can occur. Conclusion: The “stalk-and-knob” protein is the ATP synthase. THE STRUCTURE OF ATP SYNTHASE + H+ H + H Intermembrane space H+ H+ FO unit Mitochondrial matrix Rod H+ F1 unit ADP + Pi ATP