Transcript Protein Synthesis - Beaver Local High School

Protein Synthesis
Chapter 10.3
Protein synthesis- the production of
proteins
The amount and kind of proteins produced
in a cell determine the structure and
function of the cell
The Genetic Code
Genetic code- the correlation between the
nucleotide sequence and an amino-acid
sequence
During protein synthesis, the sequence of
nucleotides is translated into a sequence
of amino acids
Codon- each combination of 3 mRNA
nucleotides
Start codon (AUG)- engages a ribosome
to start translating an mRNA molecule
Stop codons (UAA, UAG, UGA)- cause
the ribosome to stop translating
Translation
Translation- the process of assembling
polypeptides from information encoded in
mRNA
Begins when mRNA leaves the nucleus
through pores in the nuclear membrane
mRNA migrates to a ribosome in the
cytosol
tRNA and Anticodons
Anticodon- a region of tRNA consisting of
three bases complementary to the codon
of mRNA
Amino acids floating freely in the cytosol
are transported to the ribosomes by tRNA
molecules
Ribosomes have three binding sites that
are important to translation
One site holds a mRNA transcript so its
codons are accessible to rRNA molecules
The other two sites hold tRNA whose
anticodons pair with the mRNA codons
Protein Assembly
Assembly begins when a ribosome
attaches to the start codon (AUG) on an
mRNA transcript
As a ribosome moves along an mRNA
transcript, each mRNA codon is paired
with its tRNA anticodon
Practice sequences!!
Study for the Ch 10 test!!
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