Transcript Activities for Bioengineering

Activities
chapters 16, 17 & 20
Thymine =
Adenine
Adenine
= Thymine
Cytosine ≡
Guanine
Guanine ≡
Cytosine
• Fill in the bases of
the mRNA that is
been made
U
U
A
U C C U
• Where in the cell
is this going on?
•
Cytoplasm/ribosome
• What is the name
of the enzyme that
helps this process
take place?
•
RNA polymerase
•
•
•
Where in the cell do
each of these 2
procedures occur?
Transcription occurs
in the nucleus,
translation in the
cytoplasm
Which way does the
DNA reading go? 5’
to 3’
Transcription
Translation
• Name the process
observed in this drawing.
• Translation/protein
synthesis
Protein
Amino acid
tRNA
mRNA
Ribosome
• Name the section of mRNA
encased in the yellow box
codon
• What is the name of the tip of
the tRNA opposite to the
yellow box? anticodon
• What is the name of the site
marked X? E site (exit)
• What is the order of the sites
used when forming a protein?
• A, P, E
• What way does the ribosome
travel through the mRNA
when reading it? 3’ to 5’
P site
A site
X
3'
5'
Name the type of mutation
point mutation (silent)
Did it cause a major problem?
No
Why or why not? Because the
product is still the same.
• Compared to the mutation
you just saw in the last
slide, is this a critical
mutation? If so why? Yes,
because it stops the
reading of the mRNA when
it should not.
• What is the name of this
type of mutation nonsense
• What other types of
mutation exist that may
cause drastic problems to
the cell? Missense
• Name all the
procedures
(colored bars),
locations in the
cell where these
occur, and the
chemicals
involved in each
one of them
(pointed with a
green arrow).
• What is the name
of the sections of
the pre-mRNA
pointed with the
yellow arrows?
Am
Pre-mRNA
exon
DNA
RNA polymerase
Ribosome
section
tRNA
intron
Sections of ribosome
protein
mRNA
tRNA with a.a.
anticodon
E site
A site
• what is an intron section of mRNA not needed to make the
polypeptide
• and an exon? section of mRNA with information about needed
polypeptide
• what is a restriction enzyme? Enzyme found in bacteria that
destroy DNA
• which is the difference between sticky and blunt DNA?
Sticky has one strand longer that the other, blunt has both the same
size.
• what is a complementary DNA? The strand built according to
the already present strand of DNA or mRNA used as a template.
• what is a recombinant DNA? That obtained from combining
DNA from different sources to obtain one single product.
• What is a plasmid? Small circular DNA, used to manipulate
genes in the laboratory
• This is paternal test done on the DNA of 4
individuals.
• A is the mother, B is the child.
A
• How many pieces of DNA does the child have
in common with the mother? 4
• Who is the father, C or D? D, notice the DNA
section not common with the mother have to
be common with the father.
• What is the name of this technique?
• Gel electrophoresis
• What is used to cut the DNA in different
pieces? Restriction enzymes
B
C
D