Transcript Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy

Cellular Respiration
Harvesting Chemical Energy
ATP
Regents Biology
2006-2007
Energy needs of life
 Animals are energy consumers

What do we need energy for?
 synthesis
 reproduction
 active transport
 movement
 temperature control
Regents Biology
Where do we get energy?
 Energy is stored in organic molecules
carbohydrates, fats, proteins
Animals eat these organic molecules  food
 digest food to get


 fuels for energy (ATP)
 raw materials for building more molecules
 carbohydrates, fats, proteins, nucleic acids
Regents Biology
What is energy in biology?
ATP
Whoa!
Hot stuff!
Regents Biology
2006-2007
Harvesting energy stored in food
 Cellular respiration

breaking down food to produce ATP
 in mitochondria
 using oxygen

formula shows glucose, but
that is just an example
 could be other sugars, fats or proteins
glucose + oxygen  carbon + water + energy
dioxide
C6H12O6 +
Regents Biology
6O2
 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP + heat
What do we need to make energy?
Make ATP!
 The “Furnace”
Make ATP!

All I do all day…
And no one
even notices!
mitochondria
 Fuel

food
 carbohydrates,
fats, proteins
food
 The Helpers

oxygen
 “aerobic”

enzymes
Regents Biology
O2
ATP
Breaking it down…
glycolysis
 Step 1 = _____________




Anaerobic
Occurs in
cytoplasm
Glucose in
Pyruvic acid,
NADH, and
2 ATP out
And now I’m
pyruvic acid!
Regents Biology
I came from ½
of glucose…
Let’s keep on trucking…
Citric acid cycle
 Step 2 = ____________





aka Krebs cycle – the
merry-go-round of
energy!
Aerobic
Occurs in
mitochondria
Pyruvic acid, ATP, and
NADH in
2 ATP, carbon dioxide,
hydrogens, and
energized electrons
out
Regents Biology
The big finale!
Electron transport chain
 Step 3 = __________________
Aerobic
 Occurs in mitochondria


Stair step release of energy from
electrons used to make 32 ATP and water
Regents Biology
Electron Transport Chain
This is our
friend NADH
Regents Biology
The BIG
picture
• Oxygen,
glucose, and
water in
• Carbon
dioxide, ATP, and
water out
Regents Biology
“Burn fuels” to make energy
combustion
making heat energy by burning fuels in one step
fuel
(carbohydrates)
O2
CO2 + H2O + heat
respiration
making ATP energy (& some heat) by burning fuels
in many small steps
ATP
Regents Biology
food
(carbohydrates)
O2
CO2 + H2O + ATP (+ heat)
Using ATP to do work?
Can’t store ATP
 too unstable
 only used in cell
that produces it
 only short term
energy storage
 carbohydrates & fats
are long term
energy storage
Whoa!
Pass me
the glucose
& oxygen!
Regents Biology
ATP
work
ADP + P
A working muscle recycles over
10 million ATPs per second
A Body’s Energy Budget
eat
food
ATP
synthesis
storage
Regents Biology
{
{
{
• resting energy
• activity
• temperature
control
• growth
• reproduction
• glycogen
• fat
What if oxygen is missing?
 Can’t complete aerobic respiration

alcohol fermentation
 yeast
 glucose  ATP + CO2+ alcohol
 make beer, wine, bread

lactic acid fermentation
 bacteria, animals
 glucose  ATP + lactic acid
 make yogurt
 animals feel muscle fatigue
Regents Biology
but only make a
little bit of ATP!
O2
Any Questions??
Regents Biology
2006-2007