Transcript Caloric value

Opener: Thursday, 9/23
Compare & contrast these molecules’
structures:
Proteins
Did you do your homework?
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Biochemistry!!!
How YOU work!!!
2.3 KEY CONCEPT
Carbon-based molecules are the
foundation of life!
What are the living
things in this photo???
Carbon atoms have unique bonding
properties
& can form chains & rings
Monomers = individual subunits
Polymers = many monomers
Organic molecules:
•Make up all living things!
•Contain C
•Made of polymers
STORE ENERGY in bonds!!
Caloric value:
•amount of stored energy (in bonds)
•Proteins, carbs, lipids
• have diff. structures
 different caloric values!
Example!
Which has a higher caloric
value...ONE CUP OF...
Almonds (1 cup) = 810
Chicken breast (1 cup) = 140
Spaghetti (1 cup) = 155
Butter (1 cup) = 1620
4 main types of ORGANIC molecules
found in living things:
Carbs
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic acids
1. Carbohydrates
(sugars/starches)
• Energy source for all organisms
– cell respiration (make ATP from sugar)
– Short-term energy storage
• Structural molecule
–Cellulose in plant cells
• Break down into parts, make amino acids
& fatty acids
• Carbs = Fiber = digestion!!!
Carbohydrates
• Made of: C-H-O
• Monosaccharides
– simple sugars (monomers)
– Ex: glucose
• Polysaccharides
– Complex (polymers)
– Ex: starch, cellulose, glycogen
• Producers – use carbs as stored E
• Consumers – broken down by digestion to
get glucose (E)
Caloric value of carbs
• depends on:
# of C-H bonds
• too many carbs??
–stored as FAT!
2. Lipids (fats)
• monomers: glycerol & fatty
acids
• Long-term energy storage
• Phospholipids (membranes)
• Hormones
Triglyceride
Lipids
Made of: C H O
•
• Important for E when carbs are
scarce
– More C-H bonds than carbs
• BUT--stored fat accumulates!
• Digestion:
– Eat fats into blood stream
 to cells
– Stored for later IF no carbs
available
Caloric value depends on
• amount energy per gram
HOW, WHY??
• fats have more than carbs or
proteins
• HIGH Caloric value!!!
3. Proteins
– Super important in
human body!!
– Used for E only when
no carbs or lipids!
5 types of Proteins
(different functions)
1. Structural ptns – support (connective tissue)
2. Transport – move substances thru body
(hemoglobin carries oxygen!)
3. Hormones – coordinate body activities (insulin
regulates glucose in blood
4. Contractile – movement (muscles)
5. Enzymatic – speed up chem. reactions (saliva)
Proteins
• Made of: C, H, O, N, (S)
• Monomers = Amino acids
• # Present: 20 total
• But only 12 made in body!
• 8 others from...??
• FOOD!!!!
• what types give us protein??
• Almonds/peanuts, etc., meat,
beans . . . . .
Proteins
So, WHEN can your body break
down proteins for energy????
• BUT – need to be turned into
CARBS first!!!
• Won’t happen if carbs or lipids
around!!
Caloric value
• Same as carbs, depends
on C-H bonds!
4. Nucleic acids = polymers
– Monomers = nucleotides
• Ex. DNA, RNA
• More to come!!!
Review for you!!!
What element do all organic
molecules have?
What are monomers?
What are polymers?
What elements are in
carbohydrates?
Where is the energy stored in
organic molecules?
What is caloric value??
Review for you!!!
What is the primary source of fuel
for cell respiration?
Give an example of monosaccharides?
What happens if too many carbs are
consumed?
Which have more C-H bonds, carbs
or lipids? How do you know?
What does the body start to use if
carbs or lipids are not available?
Review for you!!!
What are the 5 types of proteins?
Give examples of each!
What are the monomers of proteins?
How many amino acids are there?
How many does the body make?
Where do the others come from!
You are training for a big race,
what should you eat the night
before and why?
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