Transcript biomolecular_STRUCTURES

BCM 410A - lecture 1
•
Drugs - ethanol
•
Dwarfism
•
Myocardial infarction
•
Aspirin
The body works at the molecular level
Molecules are organized into cells
Cells are organized into organs
Small molecules in the body
Biological macromolecules
BCM 410A - vital statistics
Instructors:
Michael J. Holland
Welcome to BCM 410A
Instructors:
Michael J. Holland
Harry R. Matthews
Welcome to BCM 410A
Instructors:
Michael J. Holland
Harry R. Matthews
John W.B. Hershey
Welcome to BCM 410A
Instructors:
Michael J. Holland
Harry R. Matthews
John W.B. Hershey
Larry Hjelmeland
Welcome to BCM 410A
Instructors:
Michael J. Holland
Harry R. Matthews
John W.B. Hershey
Larry Hjelmeland
Michael Hanley
Welcome to BCM 410A
Instructors:
Michael J. Holland
Harry R. Matthews
John W.B. Hershey
Larry Hjelmeland
Michael Hanley
office hours: noon - 12:45 pm and
4:30 - 5:30 pm
Welcome to BCM 410A
Instructors:
Michael J. Holland
Harry R. Matthews
John W.B. Hershey
Larry Hjelmeland
Michael Hanley
office hours: noon - 12:45 pm and
4:30 - 5:30 pm
office:
room 4125 MS1A
Welcome to BCM 410A
Instructors:
Michael J. Holland
Harry R. Matthews
John W.B. Hershey
Larry Hjelmeland
Michael Hanley
office hours: noon - 12:45 pm and
4:30 - 5:30 pm
office:
room 4125 MS1A
telephone:
752-3570
Welcome to BCM 410A
Instructors:
Michael J. Holland
Harry R. Matthews
John W.B. Hershey
Larry Hjelmeland
Michael Hanley
office hours: noon - 12:45 pm and
4:30 - 5:30 pm
office:
room 4125 MS1A
telephone:
email:
752-3570
[email protected]
Welcome to BCM 410A
Instructors:
Michael J. Holland
Harry R. Matthews
John W.B. Hershey
Larry Hjelmeland
Michael Hanley
office hours: noon - 12:45 pm and
4:30 - 5:30 pm
office:
room 4125 MS1A
telephone:
email:
752-3570
[email protected]
reviews: Tuesdays, 5:00 pm, 2428/30
Welcome to BCM 410A
Instructors:
Michael J. Holland
Harry R. Matthews
John W.B. Hershey
Larry Hjelmeland
Michael Hanley
office hours: noon - 12:45 pm and
4:30 - 5:30 pm
office:
room 4125 MS1A
telephone:
email:
752-3570
[email protected]
reviews: Tuesdays, 5:00 pm, 2428/30
study aids: MoBy
Welcome to BCM 410A
Instructors:
Michael J. Holland
Harry R. Matthews
John W.B. Hershey
Larry Hjelmeland
Michael Hanley
office hours: noon - 12:45 pm and
4:30 - 5:30 pm
office:
room 4125 MS1A
telephone:
email:
752-3570
[email protected]
reviews: Tuesdays, 5:00 pm, 2428/30
study aids: MoBy
lecture “slides”
Welcome to BCM 410A
Instructors:
Michael J. Holland
Harry R. Matthews
John W.B. Hershey
Larry Hjelmeland
Michael Hanley
office hours: noon - 12:45 pm and
4:30 - 5:30 pm
office:
room 4125 MS1A
telephone:
email:
752-3570
[email protected]
reviews: Tuesdays, 5:00 pm, 2428/30
study aids: MoBy
lecture “slides”
WWW sites: http://moby.ucdavis.edu
Welcome to BCM 410A
Instructors:
Michael J. Holland
Harry R. Matthews
John W.B. Hershey
Larry Hjelmeland
Michael Hanley
office hours: noon - 12:45 pm and
4:30 - 5:30 pm
office:
room 4125 MS1A
telephone:
email:
752-3570
[email protected]
reviews: Tuesdays, 5:00 pm, 2428/30
study aids: MoBy
lecture “slides”
WWW sites: http://moby.ucdavis.edu
http://medtstgo.ucdavis.
edu/Resource.htm
The body works at the molecular level
Our food is broken down to small molecules
before use by the body
Organs and cells communicate through molecules
circulating in the blood stream—hormones
Molecules can have dramatic effects—drugs
(glycogen, fat),
stored Energy is
transported (triglycerides, glucose)
(ATP)
used
at the molecular level.
Molecules are organized into cells
Golgi complex
smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
ribosomes
nucleus
mitochondrion
nuclear envelope
plasma membrane
pore complex
nucleolus
rough endoplasmic
reticulum
vesicle
Molecules are organized into cells
Golgi complex
smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
ribosomes
nucleus
mitochondrion
nuclear envelope
plasma membrane
pore complex
nucleolus
rough endoplasmic
reticulum
vesicle
Golgi complex:
a structure where proteins are processed and sorted on
their way to other organelles or to the exterior of the cell.
Molecules are organized into cells
Golgi complex
smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
ribosomes
nucleus
mitochondrion
nuclear envelope
plasma membrane
pore complex
nucleolus
rough endoplasmic
reticulum
vesicle
Nucleus: a separate compartment containing the DNA
and the processes of RNA and DNA synthesis
Molecules are organized into cells
Golgi complex
smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
ribosomes
nucleus
mitochondrion
nuclear envelope
plasma membrane
pore complex
nucleolus
rough endoplasmic
reticulum
vesicle
Mitochondria: structures involved in the synthesis of
ATP to provide energy for the cell
Molecules are organized into cells
Golgi complex
smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
ribosomes
nucleus
mitochondrion
nuclear envelope
plasma membrane
pore complex
nucleolus
rough endoplasmic
reticulum
vesicle
Nuclear envelope: the membrane that separates
the nucleus from the cytoplasm
Cytoplasm: the solution between the plasma
membrane and the other organelles
Molecules are organized into cells
Golgi complex
smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
ribosomes
nucleus
mitochondrion
nuclear envelope
plasma membrane
pore complex
nucleolus
rough endoplasmic
reticulum
vesicle
Plasma membrane: the membrane that separates
the interior of the cell from its exterior
Molecules are organized into cells
Golgi complex
smooth endoplas
reticulum
ribosomes
nucleus
mitochondrion
nuclear envelope
plasma membrane
pore complex
nucleolus
rough endoplasmic
reticulum
vesicle
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum: cytoplasmic membrane structure
Molecules are organized into cells
Golgi complex
smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
ribosomes
nucleus
mitochondrion
nuclear envelope
plasma membrane
pore complex
nucleolus
rough endoplasmic
reticulum
vesicle
Ribosomes: macromolecular complexes that synthesize proteins
Molecules are organized into cells
Golgi complex
smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
ribosomes
nucleus
mitochondrion
nuclear envelope
plasma membrane
Pore complex: pores in the nuclear membrane
that allow small molecules to pass but regulate
the passsage of large molecules
pore complex
nucleolus
rough endoplasmic
reticulum
vesicle
Molecules are organized into cells
Golgi complex
smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
ribosomes
nucleus
pore complex
mitochondrion
nucleolus
nuclear envelope
plasma membrane
Nucleolus: a structure inside the nucleus
where specific RNA molecules are synthesized
rough endoplasmic
reticulum
vesicle
Molecules are organized into cells
Golgi complex
smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
ribosomes
nucleus
mitochondrion
nuclear envelope
plasma membrane
pore complex
nucleolus
rough endoplasm
reticulum
vesicle
Rough endoplasmic reticulum: regions of the
endoplasmic reticulum (E.R.) that are coated
with ribosomes
Molecules are organized into cells
Golgi complex
smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
ribosomes
nucleus
mitochondrion
nuclear envelope
plasma membrane
pore complex
nucleolus
rough endoplasmic
reticulum
vesicle
Vesicle: a variety of additional structures in the cytoplasm
used for storage or transport or specialized enzyme reactions,
e.g. lysozomes, peroxisomes
Molecules are organized into cells
Cell from the
pancreas
Note:
plasma
membrane
Molecules are organized into cells
Cell from the
pancreas
Note:
plasma
membrane
mitochondria
Molecules are organized into cells
Cell from the
pancreas
Note:
plasma
membrane
mitochondria
nucleus
Molecules are organized into cells
Cell from the
pancreas
Note:
plasma
membrane
mitochondria
nucleus
nucleolus
Molecules are organized into cells
Cell from the
pancreas
Note:
plasma
membrane
mitochondria
nucleus
nucleolus
endoplasmic
reticulum
Molecules are organized into cells
Cell from the
pancreas
Note:
plasma
membrane
mitochondria
nucleus
nucleolus
endoplasmic
reticulum
Golgi complex
‫‪human‬‬
‫‪lymphocyte‬‬
‫מיטוכונדריה‬
‫גופיף גולג’י‬
‫ממברנה‬
‫פלסמטית‬
‫גרעין‬
‫רטיקולום‬
‫אנדופלסמט‬
‫י‬
Cells are organized into organs
Cell of endocrine gland
hormone
molecules
Capilliary
network
Target cells
Note 3 organ
systems in picture
(a):
i) endocrine gland
(a)
ii) blood stream
iii) target organ
Cells are organized into organs
Note 3 organ
systems in picture
(b):
Stimulus
Neurosecretory
cells
hormone
molecules
Target cells
i) neurosecretory
cells
ii) blood stream
iii) target organ
Capilliary
network
(b)
Myocardial infarction
Creatine kinase (CK) activity in the blood
after a myocardial infarction
days after infarction
Clinical correlate - dwarfism
growth hormone
A defect in the pituitary
can lead to inadequate
production of growth
hormone. Children with
this disease grow very
slowly but injections of
human growth hormone
restore normal growth.
Aspirin - a clinically valuable
small molecule
acetyl salicylate
acetyl
group
Aspirin - a clinically valuable
small molecule
prostaglandin
synthase
inflammation
Aspirin - a clinically valuable
small molecule
prostaglandin
synthase
+ enzyme - NH2
acetyl salicylate
+ enzyme - NH - CO - CH3
salicylate
acetylated
prostaglandin
synthase
Aspirin - a clinically valuable
small molecule
prostaglandin
synthase
+ enzyme - NH2
inflammation
+ enzyme - NH - CO - CH3
acetylated
prostaglandin
synthase
Aspirin - a clinically valuable
small molecule
prostaglandin
synthase
inflammation
+ enzyme - NH2
acetyl salicylate
+ enzyme - NH - CO - CH3
salicylate
acetylated
prostaglandin
synthase
Small molecules in the body
Common building blocks for small molecules:
• methyl groups
• hydroxyl groups
• carbonyl groups
• carboxyl groups
• amino groups
Small molecules in the body
Common building blocks for small molecules:
methyl groups
hydroxyl groups
-CH3
carbonyl groups
carboxyl groups
amino groups
CH3-CH2-OH
ethanol
Small molecules in the body
Common building blocks for small molecules:
methyl groups
hydroxyl groups
-OH
carbonyl groups
carboxyl groups
amino groups
CH3-CH2-OH
ethanol
Small molecules in the body
Common building blocks for small molecules:
methyl groups
hydroxyl groups
carbonyl groups
carboxyl groups
amino groups
-C=O
H
-C=O
aldehyde
ketone
Small molecules in the body
Common building blocks for small molecules:
methyl groups
-COO
-C-OH
hydroxyl groups
O
carbonyl groups
-C-O-
carboxyl groups
O
amino groups
+
NH3-CH2-COOglycine
Small molecules in the body
Common building blocks for small molecules:
methyl groups
hydroxyl groups
-NH+3
carbonyl groups
carboxyl groups
-NH 2
amino groups
+
NH3-CH2-COOglycine
Small molecules in the body
Four classes of small molecules:
• sugars
• fatty acids
• amino acids
• nucleotides
Small molecules in the body
Four classes of small molecules:
sugars
fatty acids
amino acids
nucleotides
glucose
Small molecules in the body
Four classes of small molecules:
sugars
fatty acids
amino acids
nucleotides
A
hydrocarbon
chain with a
distinct head
group, in this
case a
carboxyl
group.
stearic
acid
Small molecules in the body
Four classes of small molecules:
sugars
fatty acids
amino acids
nucleotides
+
NH3-CH2-COOglycine
Small molecules in the body
Four classes of small molecules:
sugars
fatty acids
amino acids
nucleotides
adenosine-5’triphosphate
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Biological Macromolecules
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main chain
crosslink
BCM 410A - lecture 1
•
Drugs - ethanol
•
Dwarfism
•
Myocardial infarction
•
Aspirin
The body works at the molecular level
Molecules are organized into cells
Cells are organized into organs
Small molecules in the body
Biological macromolecules