Transcript PROMOTING GOOD NUTRITION

PROMOTING GOOD
NUTRITION
Chapter 9
Nutritional Policies are important
in Child Care
• Child care facilities serve at least 1 meal a
day to about 5 million children in the US
• Child care menus are often high in fat and
low in calories and important minerals, such
as iron
Nutrition Policies
• Provide nutritional guidelines for optimal
well-being
• Understand how the nutrients in foods
provide for growth, development,
maintenance and repair of the body
• Be aware of nutritional challenges
• Promote good nutrition through education,
role modeling and supervision
Dietary Guidelines
• See Table 9.1
• Nutritional research is constantly making
new findings that result in changing
recommendations for adult and child
nutrition
• Food guide pyramid has been redesigned
and includes exercise
Food Groups
• Bread, rice, cereal and pasta
– Source of carbohydrates
• Vegetables and fruits
– Source of vitamins and minerals
– Source of carbohydrates
• Milk, yogurt and cheese
– Source of fats
• Meat, poultry, fish, dry beans, eggs, nuts
– Source of protein
– Source of fats
• Fats, oils, sweets
– Use sparingly
Recommended Dietary
Allowances
• U.S. RDA-the recommended amounts of
essential nutrients such as protein,
vitamins,and minerals that should be
consumed daily to ensure good health
• Can be determined by reading “Nutrition
Facts” on food labels
Nutritional Goals
• Reducing intake of fat, salt, sugar,
cholesterol
• Increasing iron (which helps prevent lead
poisoning)
• Increasing whole grain consumption
• Increasing vegetable and fruit consumption
Six Basic Nutrients
1. Carbohydrates
2. Fats
3. Proteins
4. Vitamins
5. Minerals
6. Water
Energy Nutrients
Energy needed to sustain life is found in fats,
carbohydrates, proteins
Calories are a measure of our energy needs
Carbs: provide a slow, steady source of energy
Fats: animal fats are saturated and are
relatively unhealthy. It is preferable to eat
fats from vegetable sources. See Tables 9.3
&4
Energy Nutrients, cont’d
• Proteins: necessary for growth, energy, and
to fight infections
• a complete protein food contains all 9
amino acids.
– Animal sources may be complete
– vegetarians must combine sources to form
complete proteins
Vitamins
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A: vision, skin, strong bones
D: strong bones and teeth
E: skin
K: blood clotting
B: thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, folic acid
C:
Minerals
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Calcium: bones, teeth
Phosphorous:
Iron: deficiency causes anemia (big problem)
Sodium:
Magnesium:
Potassium:
Fluoride:
Water
• Needed to sustain life
• Dehydration can happen quickly in a young
child, especially with diarrhea or fever
NUTRITIONAL CHALLENGES
• Malnutrition: rampant in the US due to lack
of food or eating the wrong foods
• In the US high intake of salts and fats has
led to high incidences of hypertension and
high cholesterol
– Fast foods
– Processed/convenience foods
OBESITY
• Childhood obesity is rising
• It is due to too little exercise, nutritional
imbalances,and/or genetic factors
• It can lead to hypertension (high blood
pressure), diabetes, low self-esteem
DENTAL CAVITIES
• Especially prevalent in low-income families
• Fluoride in water and toothpaste can help
prevent cavities
• Proper tooth brushing (2 minutes)
• Water in bottles at bed time
IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA
• The most prevalent nutritional problem of
childhood
• More likely to occur in poor children
• Infants starting at 4-5 months need iron
fortified cereals to provide enough iron
intake
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
& HYPERTENSION
• High intake of cholesterol can lead to heart
disease, the number one cause of death in
the US
• Hypertension (high blood pressure) may be
triggered by excess weight and salt intake
FOOD ALLERGIES
• Common causes: milk, peanuts, orange
juice, wheat, eggs, pork
• Common symptoms: rashes, digestive
problems, difficulty breathing
IMPLICATIONS
• Education of children and parents
– Culturally sensitive
– See Table 9.6
• Role modeling See Table 9.8
• Supervision