Transcript Part 2 The English Renaissance

Part 2 The English Renaissance
English and American Literature
&
Selected Readings
：魏晓红
: [email protected]
: 13931098970
Part 2 The English Renaissance
Revision
Contents
F.Bacon
Drama
Marlowe
Part 2 The English Renaissance
Edmund Spenser（1552—1599）
Discussion
What are the writing features of
The Faerie Qeene?
Part 2 The English Renaissance
Writing Features
• Spenserian Stanza (p. 43)
• Symbolism in characters, animals, light and
darkness
• Allusion (p. 43, the 4th line from the bottom)
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Allusion(典故，引喻)
• e.g.
• Grammar may be his heel of Archilles.
•
语法是他最大的弱点。(Greek mythology)
• In Faerie Queene:
• Malbecco: evil goat (色鬼), western myth
• Swine on which Gluttony rides, 7 sins
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Allusion: example from religion
• Errours’ dark cave in which the monstrous halfserpent can dwell.
• Serpent巨蛇, embodiment of
Satan (enemy of God and
human being) in Bible, who
tempted Eve to eat the Apple
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Alliteration, Allegory, Allusion, Symbol
• alliteration: initial repeated consonants
• allegory: a pair of subjects (an image, a concept)
• allusion : no explicit identification, yet based on…
• symbol: only one subject (the image alone)
• symbolism: the use of symbols in writing
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The Themes in Faerie Queene
p.42
生命的和谐构成该诗的主题。而生命的
1. Nationalism
和谐又具体体现在人与神，人与宇宙、
2. Humanism
人与人的关系之中。
3. Puritanism
生命的和谐可以统一全诗的其他主题，
4. Harmony of life 从而成为《仙后》的统一原则。
Harmony in poem:
Modernism and medievalism are blended (mixed)
and harmonized by the beauty of sound and of color
in the Spenserian poetry.
Part 2 The English Renaissance
The Themes in Faerie Queene
5. Instruction in Virtue
• who the heroes and villains are
• what good behavior looks like
• an education in proper living
for 16th Century England.
Part 2 The English Renaissance
The Themes in Faerie Queene
6. Interdependence of the Virtues
• A whole person needs more virtures.
• For example, Redcrosse’s Holiness requires
rescuing by Britomart’s Chastity, while Britomart’s
Chastity seeks Justice to complete it in the social
realm. (social reality)
Part 2 The English Renaissance
The Themes in Faerie Queene
7. Duty and Responsibility
• Every heroic figure must perform his duty
and accept the responsibility successfully to
fight against a monster or demon.
The Red Cross Knight must fight several demons
and overcome despair, trying to rescue the King.
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Spenser’s Position in English Literature
Pair Work
Read Spenser’s position
in English Literature (p. 43)
and comment on Spenser.
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Key Points in Spenser’s Position
1. Spenser’s The shepherd’s Calendar marked the
budding of the Renaissance.
2. Spenser is the first master to make Modern English
the natural music of his poetic effusions(抒发).
• The union of line and metre is more harmonious,
more supple and richer than the works of his
predecessor.
• ['pri:dises ]
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Key Points in Spenser’s Position
• 3. One of the three great poets who wrote sonnets
in Elizabethan Age:
• Edmund Spenser: Amoretti《爱情小诗》,
Epithalamion《婚后曲》
(Philip Sidney: Astrophel and Stella
《阿斯特罗菲尔和斯黛拉》
William Shakespeare: Sonnets《十四行诗》)
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Comments on Spenser
• He is one of greatest sonnet poets in
Elizabethan time.
• He is a master, a musician and a great
painter.
• The Spenserian Stanza he used in his poems
does great influence on later writers.
Back
Part 2 The English Renaissance
Francis Bacon (弗兰西斯培根1561—1626)
Discussion
&
Appreciation
1.Who is Francis Bacon?
2.What is his masterpiece?
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Comments on F. Bacon
1. a well-known lawyer, literary
man and political figure;
2. the founder of English
materialist philosophy;
3. the first English writer of a
flexible, varied, precise and
colloquial prose.
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F. Bacon’s Literary Works
1. philosophy:
• Advancement of Learning
《学术的推进》
New Instrument《新工具》
2. professional:
• Maxims of the Law
《法律格言》
3. essays:
• Essays《随笔／培根论文集》
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Bacon’s Representative
“Of Studies”“论学习”
Essays
«培根论文集»
Which is the
most famous one?
“Of Wisdom”“论智慧”
“Of Death”
“Of Friendship”
“Of Travel”, etc.
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Famous Sayings
1. If a man be gracious（仁慈的） to
strangers, it shows he is a citizen of the
world.
• a citizen of the world, “世界公民”：主张公
正、倡导和平、乐意助人、身体力行的人
Of Francis Bacon
Part 2 The English Renaissance
Famous Sayings
• 3. The remedy is worse than
the disease.
• 医治不得法，不如不医治.
• 4. Cure the disease and kill
the patient.
• 治好了病，治死了人。治了病，
治不了命。
Of Francis Bacon
Part 2 The English Renaissance
Famous Sayings
5. A wise man will make
more opportunities than
he finds.
聪明人自己创造的机会比找到的
机会多。
6. Knowledge is power.
Of Francis Bacon
Find
more
知识就是力量。
—— 培根
Opportunities
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Famous Sayings
7. Some books are to be tasted; others to
be swallowed; and some few to be chewed
and digested.
• =Some books are to be read only in parts;
others to be read, but not curiously; and
some few to be read wholly.
• 一些书可以品尝，另外一些书可以吞食，少数的
一些书可以咀嚼、消化。
Of Francis Bacon
Part 2 The English Renaissance
Famous Sayings
8. Histories make men wise; poems witty;
the mathematics subtle, natural philosophy
deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able
to contend.（读史使人明智 ；读诗使人聪慧 ；
数学使人周密 ；哲理使人深刻 ；伦理使人庄重 ；
Reading makes a full man, conversation a
逻辑与修辞使人善辩。 ）
ready man, writing an exact man.
读书使人渊博，交谈/讨论使人敏捷，写作使人严谨。
Of Francis Bacon
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Bacon’s Writing Style
precision
clearness,
Bacon’s essay:
brevity,
Bacon’s sentences:
force of expression
简短；尖锐；
切入；平行。
short, pointed, incisive,
old sayings
and often of balanced structure
four prominent qualities:
preciseness, directness,
tenseness and forcefulness
Back
Part 2 The English Renaissance
Chapter 4 Drama
Pair Work
1. How many kinds of drama?
2. What are the representative
works of these drama?
3. What are the contribution of the
“university wits”?
Part 2 The English Renaissance
Chapter 4 Drama
Forms of Drama
1. Miracle Plays
奇迹剧
2. Morality Plays 道德剧
3. Mystery Plays 神秘剧
4. Interludes
幕间表演
5. Classical dramas 古典剧
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Chapter 4 Drama: Miracle Plays
1. The Shepherds written in the
The Second Shepherds'
Play, Everyman, and
Other Early Plays
14th century, reflects the
condition of English peasants
who were ground down by
heavy taxes and by the
oppression of the gentry
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Chapter 4 Drama: Moral Plays
Everyman is a morality play, an
allegorical drama that teaches
a lesson about how Christians
should live and what a person
must do to save his soul.
A morality play was, in effect,
a sermon that was acted out.
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Chapter 4 Drama: Mystery Plays
The York Cycle (York Mystery Plays) (start
the performance in the 14th century)
contained 48 short plays and took
approximately 14 hours to perform.
The last known medieval performance of
the York Cycle was in 1569.
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Chapter 4 The Interlude
• What is the purpose of “Interlude”?
• To enliven (cheer up) the audience
after a solemn (serious) scene.
• The interesting interlude is
________________________.
The
Play of the Weather
• Beg the weather to allow the boy to
catch birds and throw snowballs.
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The Classical Drama
3. English comedies and tragedies on
classical models appeared in the
middle of the _____
16th century.
4. The first English comedy is
Gammer Gurton’s Needle
_______________________.
《葛顿大娘的缝衣针》
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The Classical Drama
5. The first English tragedy is
______________________.
Gorboduc 《高波特克》
6. Miracle plays, morality plays,
interludes and classical plays paved
the way for the flourishing of
______.
drama
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London Theatre
Pair Work
1. London Theatre
2. Its Audience
3. Its Playwrights
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London Theatre and Its Audience
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The Playwrights
Men of letters(文人,作家)
Lyly 黎里
Peele 皮尔
“university wits” “大学才子”
writing between 1587—1593
Marlowe 马洛
Greene 格林
Lodge
洛奇
Nash 纳石
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University Wits
humble birth
paid wage-laborers
hard-to-mouth existence
impecunious 贫穷的
industrious 勤奋的
looked down
large part of the
suspected
repertoire全部剧目
sad end in life
for Elizabethan
stage
Back
Part 2 The English Renaissance
Chapter 5 Marlowe
Christopher Marlowe
克里斯托弗•马洛
(1564—1593)
A bright star with a
life of only 29;
learned, knowledgeable;
the most gifted of
the University Wits.
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Chapter 5 Marlowe
Student’s Presentation
Marlowe’s Literary Career
and His Writing Features
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Marlowe’s Learning and Works
Learning
astronomy, geography, medical
science, history, Greek epics and
Latin, especial interest in drama
Tamburlaine «铁木儿», in 1587
Works
The Jew of Malta,
«马耳他岛的犹太人» in 1592
Dr. Faustus,
«浮士德博士的悲剧» in 1588
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Marlowe’s Tamburlaine 《铁木儿》
the career of Tamburlaine
the subject-matter:
the Mongol conqueror
a shepherd;
a Khan finally
Fortune’s lord
cruel,
inhuman,
cold-blooded,
heartless
passion for sovereignty
arch-monarch of the world
Part 2 The English Renaissance
Marlowe’s The Jew of Malta
• The hero of The Jew of
Malta is _______.
Barabas
• Barabas is greedy of
sovereignty in _______
riches
not in _______.
kingship
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An Analysis of Dr. Faustus
Pair Work
What is your idea of
Dr. Faustus?
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Key Facts of Dr. Faustus
1. Type of Work: play
2. Genre: tragedy
2. Protagonist: Dr. Faustus
1. Faustus,
soliloquy
2. lesser,
3. Point of View:
comic
4. Published: in 1588, England
characters
5. Setting: Europe, c. 1580s
3. chorus
speci. Germany & Italy
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Who?
• Faustus
• Mephistophilis
• Arch-devil: Lucifer
• Angels: good Angel, evil Angel
• Chorus
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What?
Faustus: a talented German
scholar at Wittenburg
magic—good & bad angels
—devil Mephistophilis
soul for 24 years of power, in blood—
travel on dragon’s back, different places
—tricks—repents
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Result?
• The Clock strikes eleven. Faustus gives a final,
frenzied狂乱的 monologue, regretting his
choices. At midnight the devils enter.
• As Faustus begs God and the devil for mercy,
the devils drag him away. Later, the Scholar
friends find Faustus’ body, torn to pieces.
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Social Significance of Marlowe’s Plays
1. The spirit of the rising bourgeoisie:
1) eager curiosity for knowledge
2) towering(最大的)pride
3) insatiable(不知足的) appetite for power
Part 2 The English Renaissance
Social Significance of Marlowe’s Plays
ambition
desire for
knowledge
typical images of the era
of the primitive accumulation
of capital (原始资本积累)
greed for
wealth
Manifesto of the
Communist Party
《共产党宣言》
Part 2 The English Renaissance
Social Significance of Marlowe’s Plays
2. The Themes
1)The praise of individuality
2)The conviction确信 of the boundless
possibility of human efforts
• Man’s reason and power is everything, which is
the progressive side of the ideas of young
bourgeoisie.
Part 2 The English Renaissance
Social Significance of Marlowe’s Plays
3.The heroes:
• Those individualists (利己主义者) whose
ambition often brings ruin to the world and
sometimes to themselves.
Barabas: greed—into a boiling cauldron
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Marlowe’s Literary Achievement
1. Marlowe is the greatest of the pioneers of
Blank verse is a verse form written in
English drama.
lines of usually ten syllables without rhyme.
• Marlowe
reformed drama, perfected
( 每行十个音节，不押韵。)
language and verse.
• Marlowe made blank verse the principal
instrument of English drama.
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Marlowe’s Literary Achievement
Pair Work
How do you comment on
Marlowe’s literary
achievements?
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Marlowe’s Literary Achievement
1. a living thing, vigorous, fluid and precise
• rhythmical speech with happy exactness,
interpreting the restlessly moving and
questing spirit of the Renaissance
• described as “titanic” and compared to “a
swollen river , moving on majestically”
Part 2 The English Renaissance
Marlowe’s Literary Achievement
2. Marlowe’s dramatic achievement lied chiefly
in his epical(=epic), and at times lyrical verse.
• He is famous for “mighty line”, which is
forceful and plastic (有创造性的).
• Marlowe’s popular lyric is The Passionate
Shepherd to His Love.
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Marlowe’s Literary Achievement
Marlowe paved the way for the plays of
the greatest English dramatist,
Shakespeare.
Part 2 The English Renaissance
Assignment (5)
1. Comment on Christopher
Marlowe.
2. Comment on Marlowe’s Doctor
Faustus.
Back
Part 2 The English Renaissance
Assignments
1. Literary Terms:
1) humanism,
2) Spenserian Stanza,
3) blank verse
4) allusion
2. Summary:
Writing features of More and Spenser
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Assignments
3. Pre-Reading：
1)《实践》pp.74-8.
2) 《简史》Shakespeare
Part 2 The English Renaissance
Goodbye.