Transcript Chemistry of Life

Chemistry of Life
Macromolecules of Life
 4 Macromolecules of life
– Carbohydrates
– Lipids
– Proteins
– Nucleic Acids
 These four macromolecules make up
everything in our bodies.
Reactions
 Metabolism – The chemical reactions that occur
within and organism. A person could have either a
higher or a lower metabolism.
Life Substances
 pH – The acidity of anything is based on this scale.
0 – 6 (Acid) 7 (Neutral) 8-14 (Basic)
 Isomers – These are three dimension structures that
give the basic structure of a molecule.
Carbohydrates
Formula: C2H1O2
Carbohydrate
 Carbohydrate is a organic compound of carbon,
hydrogen and oxygen with a ratio of about two
hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom for every on
carbon atom.
 Monosaccharide – This is the simplest type of
carbohydrate and it is also a simple sugar.
 Disaccharide – This is when two monosaccharide
link together. The most commonly know
disaccharide is called table sugar.
Carbohydrate #2
 Polysaccharides – These are the largest of the
carbohydrates. They are composed of may
monosaccharide subunits.
 Starch – It is made up of highly branched chains of
glucose units and it is used to store food in plants.
 Glycogen – This is the form of starch that is stored
in animals.
 Cellulose – This is another glucose polymer that
forms the cell walls of plants.
Lipids
 Saturated: no double bonds
 Unsaturated: Double bonds
Lipids
 Lipids – These are organic compounds that have
large portions of C – H bonds and less oxygen than
carbohydrate. This is also known as fat.
Protein
 Primary: Amnion Acids Order
 Secondary: Beta or Alpha bonds
 Tertiary: Folded polypeptide chain
 Quaternary: Many polypeptide chains together
Protein
 Protein – It is a large complex polymer composed of
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sometimes
sulfur.
 Amino Acid – This is the basic building block for
protein. There are 20 common Amino Acids.
 Peptide Bond – This is the covalent bond that is
formed between amino acid.
 Enzyme – This is a protein that speeds up chemical
reactions.
Nucelic Acids
 Nucleic Acid – This is a complex macromolecule
that stores information in the cells in a form of a
code.
 Nucleotides – They consist of carbon, hydrogen,
oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus atoms arranged in
three groups.
1. Base
2. Simple Sugar
3. Phosphate
More Acid
 DNA – (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) This is the master
copy of an organisms information code. These
contain all of the codes that give information on how
the organism is to operate.
 RNA – (Ribonucleic Acid) This is a copy
of DNA and is used for protein synthesis.
There are minor, but important differences
between DNA and RNA.