Transcript what is protein?

WHAT IS PROTEIN?
ENERGY YIELDING NUTRIENT
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What is protein composed of ?
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What are amino acids?
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Proteins are made up of 20 Amino Acids in different
combinations. The body probably has at least 30,000 types
of protein. The number of amino acids and the order in
which they are linked determine the type of protein the
Question?
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How does the chemical structure of protein
differ from carbohydrates and fats?
Types of Amino Acids
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You need 20 Amino Acids for good health.
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11 ____________________________ AMINO ACIDS
are amino acids your body can make or synthesize from
other compounds
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9 ______________________________AMINO ACIDS are
the Amino acids your body cannot make and you muct
get from yhour diet.
Question?
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What is the difference between essential and
non essential amino acids?
Essential Amino Acids
(Must eat these)
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1. Histidine
2. Isoleucine
3. Leucine
4. Lysine
5. Methionine +cysteine
6. Phenylalanine +tyrosine
7. Threonine
8. Tryptophan
9. Valine
Nonessential Amino Acids (11)
Made/Synthesized by the Body
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1. Alanine
2. Arginine
3. Asparagine
4. Aspartic acid
5. Cysteine
6. Glutamic acid
7. Glutamine
8. Glycine
9. Proline
10. Serine
11. Tyrosine
FUNCTIONS OF PROTEIN IN
THE BODY
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Build and Maintain Tissues
Make enzymes, hormones, antibodies
Regulate Mineral and Fluid Balance
Maintain Acid Base Balance
Carry Vital substances (oxygen)
Provide Energy
It Should be noted…..
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All 20 amino acids are necessary for protein
synthesis in the body, and must be present
simultaneously for optimal maintenance of body
growth and function!
COMPLETE & INCOMPLETE
PROTEINS
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COMPLETE PROTEIN
-This means __________the essential amino acids
humans need are present in the proteins.
-What are sources of completes protein?
COMPLETE & INCOMPLETE PROTEIN
INCOMPLETE PROTEIN
Plants provide Incomplete Protein. These
proteins are missing or short of one or more of
the essential amino acids.
Explain Complementary Proteins-
NITROGEN BALANCE
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Nitrogen balance is the comparison of the nitrogen a
person ____________________ with the nitrogen he
or she ____________________.
Most healthy adults are in NITROGEN BALANCE.
This means they excrete the same amount of nitrogen
as they take in.
It is said they are “in nitrogen balance”
NITROGEN BALANCE
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A person who is building new tissue takes in more
protein than he or she excretes. This person is said to
be in:
_____________________NITROGEN BALANCE
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Someone whose tissues are deteriorating is losing more
nitrogen than he or she consumes. This person is said
to be in :
_____________________ NITROGEN BALANC
Nitrogen Balance
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What is a situation for each case?
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Positive-
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Negative-
PROTEIN DEFICIENCY
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Protein-energy malnutrition is a condition cause by a lack of
calories and proteins in the diet. Symptoms of PEM include
diarrhea and various nutrient deficiencies…..
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The most common is ________________________________ a
protein deficiency disease. The disease is common in poor
countries.
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___________________________ is a wasting disease caused by
a lack of calories and protein. It affects children. The muscles
and tissues begin to waste away.
Athletes and Protein
Most athletes consume far too much
protein and, in doing so, reduce the
intake of other essential nutrients that
are critical to achieving athletic success.
DO ATHLETES NEED MORE
PROTEIN?
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Primary energy nutrient for athletes is CARBOHYDRATES!
Some research indicates that athletes should consume 1.2-1.4
grams of protein per kilogram body weight.
Endurance athletes 1.6-1.7 grams per kilogram of body weight.
This recommendation is a 50 to 100 % increase in the RDA set
for non-athletes………. But research is still continuing.
How Much Protein Do I Need Daily?
Step 1
Convert your weight to kilograms
(1 kilogram = 2.2 pounds of body weight)
_____Your weight ÷ 2.2 = ______
your weight in kilograms
Step 2
The body needs .8 gm protein per kilogram of body weight. (Athletes
need 1.2- 1.7 gm per kilogram)
Multiply your body in kilograms x .8gm
_______Your weight in kilograms x .8 = _______
Total Protein Need for the Day
154 lbs/2.2 = 70 kilograms
70 x .8 = 56 grams of protein per day
Nitrogen Balance
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Goal is to remain in a nitrogen- balanced state
Know the amount of protein required to
remain in this state
Nonathletes- 0.8 grams/ per kilogram of body
weight
 Athletes- 1.2 -1.7 grams /kilogram of body weight
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Both are based on the consumption of total caloric
intake
What is your daily protein need?
Higher protein requirement for athletes
is based on four factors…
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1. higher lean body mass
2. lose small amount of protein in urine
3. burn small amount during physical activity
4. require additional protein to recover from
muscle damage
High protein diets
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Causes overabundance of nitrogen waste
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Liver turns nitrogen waste into urea which must be
excreted in the urine
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This also causes kidneys and liver to work harder
Increase in urine which can lead to dehydration
Increase excretion of calcium in urine
Tend to be high in fat, which may increase risk
of cardiovascular disease
Exercise
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High protein foods have long gastric emptying time
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Protein added to sports beverage that is consumed during
competition may increase the risk of gastrointestinal distress
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Reduces content of what athlete really needs
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Majority of energy in pre-excersice meal or during exercise
should come from carbs
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Post exercise meal may have addition of some protein for
muscle recovery ; majority should be from carbs to replenish
glycogen
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0.1 gram/ kilogram of athletes weight