2-3 Carbon Compounds: Organic Biomolecules
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Transcript 2-3 Carbon Compounds: Organic Biomolecules
2-3 Carbon Compounds:
Organic Biomolecules
What is a compound?
What do you think a carbon compound is?
Carbon’s
properties
Carbon is very versatile
It can bond with other carbon atoms
It can form strong covalent bonds with many different elements
95% of the body is only made of 6 elements C H O N P S
It can make four bonds at a time
4 single bonds
2 double bonds
1 double bond & 2 singles
1 triple bond & 1 single bond
It can make bonds in many different shapes
Sheets, Rings, Branches, Long chains, Buckieballs
Carbon Bonds
Carbon:
Functions of organic biomolecules found in living things
Carbohydrates
energy & structure
Lipids
storage, protection & sending chemical messages as hormones &
steroids
Nucleic acids
DNA & RNA, store & transmit hereditary
Proteins
metabolism, structure, fight disease, enzymes control the rate of
reactions
Macromolecules
What does “mer” mean?
– Part or piece
What does “mono” mean?
– one
What does “poly” mean?
– many
So What is a monomer?
– One piece is a monomer….
like a lego block
What is a polymer?
– Add many of those pieces
together and you get a
polymer!…like a finished
lego project.
Polymerization
Adding monomers together to make a polymer!
– This is achieved by dehydration synthesis.
Dehydration Synthesis
• What does dehydrate mean?
• Take out water
• What does synthesis mean?
• To make
• So dehydration synthesis is…..
• Making something by taking water out
• Making a polymer by removing water and
making room for a bond between
monomers
Start with monomers
End with
a polymer & water
Dehydration Synthesis
beginning to end
Hydrolysis
What does hydro mean?
water
What does lysis mean?
Lysis sounds like slices!
So, hydrolysis means…..
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (LZW) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Breaking bonds in a
polymer to get monomers
by adding water
Dehydration synthesis is the
reverse of hydrolysis!
Carbohydrates
What do you think “carbo” means?
What does “hydrate” mean?
three
What does “poly” mean?
one
What does “tri” mean?
water
What does “mono” mean?
carbon
many
What does “saccharide” mean?
sugar
Carbohydrates
Carbon-water -CH2O
Main source of energy for living things
Used for structure in some
Supplies energy for all cell activities
are also known as saccharides (sugars)
Monosaccharides are the smallest unit
(monomers)
Disaccharides found as simple sugars
Glucose, Galactose, Fructose
Sucrose , Lactose
Polysaccharides used as storage and
structure (polymers)
Glycogen, Starch, Cellulose
Monosaccharides -the monomers
Disaccharide
Monosaccharide + monosacharide = Disaccharide
Is that dehydration synthesis or hydrolysis?
Dehydration Synthesis
What do you think this is?
How many rings do you see?
Tri= 3
Polysaccharide -starches
What Contains Carbohydrates?
What contains Carbohydrates?
Which are better for you?
Lipids
• Fats, oils, and waxes
• Look like the letter “E”
• Mostly carbon and
hydrogen
• Very little oxygen
• Many are formed by
combining glycerol
(green) with 3 fatty acid
chains (red)
– o Stores energy
– o Helps form
membranes
– o Waterproof coverings
– o Chemical
messengers
– o Steroids (hormones)
What contains lipids?
Saturated Lipids
Solid at room
temperature!
• Full of Hydrogens
• Only single bonds
between C & H
Unsaturated Lipids
Liquid at
room
temperature
• Has at least one double or triple bond
between C & H
Polyunsaturated Lipids
• More than one double or
triple bond between C & H
This is
still an
“E” just
flipped
around!
Nucleic Acids
Biomolecules that transmit
and store genetic
information
Formed from:
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,
nitrogen, & phosphorous
Monomers are nucleotides
A Nucleotide
Three parts
5-carbon sugar ring
A phosphate group
A nitrogen base:
Adenine, Guanine,
Thymine, Cytosine or Uracil
Two types of polymers
RNA – ribonucleic acid
DNA – deoxyribonucleic acid
What contains Nucleic Acids
Can you see the monomers?
Formed from carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.
Monomers are amino acids
Three parts
An amine group on one side.(NH2)
A carboxyl on the other (COOH)
changeable group called R
20 different type
Proteins are necessary for life
Control the rate of reactions
Regulate cell processes
Form body parts such as bones, skin, hair, nails,
muscles
Transport substances in and out of cells
Help fight disease
Pizza?
Which bimolecules are found
in pizza. Explain.
What do you think would happen if someone
followed the Atkins diet?
How do vegetarians get protein?
What if they didn’t eat those foods?
What if you cut out all fat in your diet?