Transcript Organic compounds

Organic compounds
• Carbon compounds
– Organic compounds- primarily made of carbon
• Carbon can from four covalent bonds
• As a result, carbon can bon in a number of ways
Carbon compounds
• Functional groups- cluster of atoms that
influence the characteristics of the molecules
that contain them
Large carbon molecules
• Monomer- small,
simpler organic
molecule
• Polymer- contains many
monomers
• Condensation reactionreaction that joins two
monomers, produces
water
• Hydrolysis- water is
used to break polymer
Energy currency
• Energy is required for
life’s processes
• Adenosine
Triphosphate (ATP)stores energy for this
purpose
• Energy stored in
phosphate group
bonds
• Energy released when
one bond breaks
Molecules of Life
• Carbohydrates- Organic compounds
containing C, H, and O in a ration of 1:2:1
respectively
– Monosaccharide- monomer of a carb,
simple sugar (glucose)
– Disaccharide- 2 monosaccharides bonded,
double sugar (sucrose)
– Polysaccharide- many monosaccharides
bonded
• Glycogen- polymer of glucose in animals
• Starch- polymer of glucose in plants
• Protein- composed of C, H, O, N
– Monomer- amino acid
– Dipeptide- 2 amino acids joined by a peptide
bond
– Proteins contain polypeptides
– Serve as structural components and enzymes
• Lipids- large nonpolar
molecules
– Do not dissolve in water
– Fatty Acid- long carbon
chain with a carboxyl on
end
• Saturated- no double
bonds, solid at roop temp,
found in animals
• Unsaturated- double bonds
present, liquid at room
temp, found in plants
• Lipids
–Triglyceride- glycerol bonded to 3 fatty
acids
–Phospholipids- glycerol with 2 fatty
acids
–Other lipids include waxes and steroids
–Serve as structural components and
energy storage
• Nucleic Acids- large
molecules that store
information
– Nucleotidemonomer of nucleic
acid
– Deoxyribonucleic
acid (DNA)- stores
genetic info
– Ribonucleic Acid
(RNA)- transfers info
needed to make
proteins within cells