Transcript DO NOW
Aim: Why are organic compounds important to us? Do NOW: In complete sentences explain how you would use an atom to build a larger molecule. Homework: Project # 1 Internet activity http://science.nhmccd.edu/ biol/bio1int.htm Activity Read the life substances handout as you read underline the main idea of each paragraph. Wednesday 11/13/13 AIM: Why is carbon an important element in your body? Do NOW: Review your notes on basic chemistry. POP QUIZ HOMEWORK: Life substances handout Carbon What is the atomic number? What is the atomic mass? #p #n #e What is an element? What are the six most important elements to living organisms? CHNOPS Carbon atom Able to form 4 covalent bonds due to 4 electrons in outer shell Combine to form large organic compounds Carbon fun facts Carbon is found in many different compounds. It is in the food you eat, the clothes you wear, the cosmetics you use and the gasoline that fuels your car. Carbon is the sixth most abundant element in the universe. How are organic and inorganic compounds different? Organic compounds must Contain C and H CH3 C6H12O6 Inorganic compounds Do not contain both NaCL CO2 H2O How is a covalent bond different from an ionic bond? Atomic bonding Electron interactions form bonds Covalent bonds: electrons are shared between atoms 2 Hydrogen atoms share there electrons to form a bond Ionic bonding The loss or gain of an electron to form a bond How does Carbon combine with other elements? Carbon can share 4 electrons with 4 different atoms Forms 4 covalent bonds What are the four categories of organic compounds or biomolecules formed by carbon? Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids Assessment In your own words, explain why carbon is an important element in your body. Thursday 11/14/13 AIM: How do our bodies use biomolecules? Do Now: Explain why carbon is the most important element to living things HW: text read pages 56-57. answer questions 2 and 3 pg 57. List at least 2 food sources that contain protein, 2 food sources that contain carbohydrate, 2 food sources that contain lipid. Carbohydrate Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen Store and release energy Starch and sugars Glycogen and cellulose Lipids Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen Fats, oils, waxes, steroids Energy storage, protection, insulation and chemical messengers ( steroids) Protein Carbon, Hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur Structure for tissues and organs Metabolism Transport Catalysts Chemical Messengers How are enzymes related to proteins? Enzymes are protein catalysts Speed up chemical reactions Nucleic Acid Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorous, sulfur Store cellular information DNA and RNA Assessment Using the information you have received complete the table below Carbon compound Function Aim: Why are biomolecules polymers? Do Now: Take out your homework look it over. If you were a construction worker, how would you build a brick house? Homework: Textbook read pgs 60-62 answer questions 2,3,4 pg 63 Quiz Thursday Answer All biomolecules are organic compounds That means they are made up of Carbon and hydrogen All biomolecules are very big molecules made from smaller subunits Biomolecules are polymers Poly- many Mer- unit multiple units of smaller, repeating units Build Large compounds Biomolecules or Macromolecules Four of the classes of life’s organic molecules are polymers Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic acids A polymer Is a long molecule consisting of many similar building blocks called monomers Biomolecules are polymers Polymer Monomer subunit Carbohydrate Monosaccharide (simple sugar) Protein Amino acid Lipid Glycerol and fatty acids Nucleic acid Nucleotides Biomolecule AKA Organic compound AKA Polymer AKA Macromolecule Anytime we use any one of these terms we are referring to proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids and lipids The Synthesis of Polymers Monomers form large molecules by dehydration synthesis HO 1 3 2 H Unlinked monomer Short polymer Dehydration removes a water molecule, forming a new bond HO Figure 5.2A 1 2 H HO 3 H2O 4 H Longer polymer (a) Dehydration reaction in the synthesis of a polymer Biomolecules form through dehydration synthesis Monomers join together through a process known as Dehydration synthesis Loss of water to build a bond Why would you want to break down a polymer? To extract the monomer subunit The Breakdown of polymers Polymers can disassemble by Hydrolysis HO 1 2 3 4 Hydrolysis adds a water molecule, breaking a bond HO 1 2 3 H Figure 5.2B (b) Hydrolysis of a polymer H H2O HO H Assessment In your own words explain the difference between dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis Dehydration synthesis builds large biomolecules by removing water to build a bond Hydrolysis takes away a water molecule to break a bond Assessment Draw and explain the process below How are polymers and biomolecules related? large compounds built from smaller repeating subunits How does dehydration synthesis build large biomolecules? Monday 11/18/13 AIM: Why are polysaccharides ideal for energy storage? DO NOW: What type of foods contain carbohydrates? Why do you need to eat carbohydrates? HW:Text read pages 59-60 Answer the reading check on pages 59 and 60 Carbohydrates Sugars and starches, glycogen and cellulose Also called monosaccharides and polysaccharides They are very big biomolecules Made up of C,H,O in a 1:2:1 ratio What is a monosaccharide? H O H C Aldoses Carbohydrate Simple sugar Building blocks of large carbohydrates Broken down for energy in the process of cellular respiration Glucose is the most important monosaccharide to your llife Figure 5.3 O Hexose sugars (C6H12O6) H C H O C C OH H C OH H C OH H C OH H C OH HO C H C OH H H C OH H H Ribose H H C H C OH H HO C H C OH HO C H H C OH H C OH H C OH H C OH H H Glucose Galactose H C OH H C O H C OH H C OH C O O C OH H C OH HO H H C OH H C OH Dihydroxyacetone H C OH H C OH H H C OH H Ribulose O C H Glyceraldehyde Ketoses Triose sugars Pentose sugars (C3H6O3) (C5H10O5) C H H Fructose Where does glucose come from? photosynthesis What are some examples of monosaccharides? Glucose, fructose, lactose, sucrose, deoxyribose C6H12O6 Deoxyribose and ribose How do monosaccharides build large polysaccharides? Dehydration synthesis Loss of water between two molecules to build a bond It is the process that builds polymers from smaller subunits Polysaccharides made from glucose Monosaccharides or simple sugars combine through the process of dehydration synthesis to build large polysaccharides such as starch, cellulose and glycogen. Polysaccharides made only from glucose monomers Starch: long term energy stored in plants Glycogen: long term energy storage in animals. Liver and muscle cells Cellulose: structural material in plants. Builds the cell wall can not be easily digested by animals. acts as roughage to pass undigested food through the body Chitin CH2O H O OH H H OH H OH H H NH C O CH3 (a) The structure of the (b) Chitin forms the exoskeleton of arthropods. This cicada chitin monomer. is molting, shedding its old exoskeleton and emerging Figure 5.10 A–C in adult form. (c) Chitin is used to make a strong and flexible surgical thread that decomposes after the wound or incision heals. Assessment Use the three molecules below to build a polysacharide Question In your own words explain how monosaccharides are related to polysaccharides AIM: Why do we need to eat fats? DO NOW: List 5 foods that contain fat. HW Project due tomorrow. ALL OF IT!!!! Tuesday 11/19/13 AIM: How does dehydration synthesis build high energy lipid molecules? DO NOW: In complete sentences explain how monosaccharides build starches and glycogen Homework:Text read page 61. Answer question 3 on pg 63 Last nights HW page 59 and 60 Reading check questions How is starch different from glycogen? Why do we need to incorporate fats and oils into our daily diet? Functions of lipids Long term energy storage Insulation Protection Hormones: steroids: chemicalmessengers Does oil and water mix? Why or why not? Does oil and water mix? NO! Lipids All lipids must have both a hydrophobic and hydrophillic part to them Dehydration synthesis forms lipids LIPIDS: Oils, fats, waxes, phospholipids, steroids Hydrophobic: Made of long hydrocarbon chains or tails. Makes lipid insoluble in water it does not dissolve in water Hydrophillic:portion allows for parts of lipid to be dissolved in water. Dehydration synthesis forms lipids Fat, oil and wax 1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids Saturated fat: all carbons are saturated Unsaturated fat: not all carbons are bound Fats oils and waxes Characteristics of fats are determined by hydrocarbon tail Unsaturated: such as peanut oil are liquid at room temperature Saturated: animal fats are solid at room temperature FATS Phospholipids: build cell membranes •1 glycerol, 1 phosphate group, 2 fatty acids Phospholipids vs triglycerides(fat and oil) By removing one of the fatty acids in a triglyceride and replacing it with a phosphate group makes the phospholipid hydrophillic (water loving) The other 2 fatty acid tails make the phospholipid hydrophobic The cell membrane Steroids: lipid hormones Chemical messengers Cholesterol: found in membranes. Also makes other steroids Estradiol and testosterone: sex hormones which regulate salt and bile levels and also assist in fat digestion Waxes Protection Ex: Ear wax Wax on the outer leaf of a plant List and explain the function of the four types of lipids discussed.