Transcript Plant Form and Function

The Plant “Body”

The plant organs
of roots, stems,
and leaves are
organized into
three types of
tissue:
◦ Dermal tissue
◦ Vascular tissue
 Xylem
 Phloem
◦ Ground tissue
The Plant “Body”

Types of tissue:
◦ Dermal tissue – outer protective covering
◦ Vascular tissue – carries out transportation of
materials between roots and shoots
 Xylem – transports water and dissolved
minerals up from roots into the shoots
 Phloem – transports sugars from leaves to
other parts of plant (sites of growth)
◦ Ground tissue – not dermal or vascular
The Plant “Body”

When you eat the following, what plant
structure are you consuming?
◦ Celery sticks
◦ Onions
◦ Carrot sticks
The Plant “Body”

When you eat the following, what plant
structure are you consuming?
◦ Celery sticks – petioles (joins leaves to stem)
◦ Onions – storage leaves
◦ Carrot sticks – storage roots
The Plant “Body”

Types of Cells:
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦
Parenchyma cells – metabolism
Collenchyma cells – support
Scerenchyma cells – extra support
Xylem Cells – water conducting cells
Phloem Cells – sugar conductive cells
Xylem Cells – water conducting cells
Phloem Cells – sugar conductive cells
Try This!
Evolution Connection
◦ “Evolutionary biologists have coined the term
exaptation to describe a common occurrence
in the evolution of life: A limb or organ
originally has a particular function but later
fulfills a new function. What are some
examples of exaptations in plant organs?”
Soil and Plant Nutrition (Ch 37)
You must know:
 The difference between macronutrients and
micronutrients.

The importance of mutualistic relationships between
plant roots and the bacteria and fungi that grow in
the rhizosphere.

Examples of nonmutualistic nutritional adaptations in
plants.
How do
plants get
the
inorganic
nutrition
(NOT
FOOD)
that they
need for
survival?
Macronutrients vs Micronutrients

Macronutrients: essential nutrients
required in relatively large amounts
◦ Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen,
phosophorus, sulphur (CHNOPS)
◦ Potassium, calcium, magnesium
◦ Nitrogen is essential! Why????
Macronutrients vs Micronutrients

Macronutrients: essential nutrients
required in relatively large amounts
◦ Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen,
phosophorus, sulphur (CHNOPS)
◦ Potassium, calcium, magnesium
◦ Nitrogen is essential! Why????
 Building amino acids
Macronutrients vs Micronutrients

Micronutrients: essential nutrients
required in minute quantities
◦ Primarily function as cofactors
◦ Iron, manganese, zinc, and copper
Macronutrients vs Micronutrients

Explain why it is not always a good thing
to remove lawn clippings.
Macronutrients vs Micronutrients

Explain why it is not always a good thing
to remove lawn clippings.
◦ As lawn clippings decompose, they restore
nutrients to the soil
Rhizosphere

Rhizospere
◦
◦
◦
◦
Unique ecosystem
Layer of soil that is bound to the plants’ roots
Rich in microbial activity
Characterized by mutualistic symbiotic
relationships
 Rhizobacteria
 Nitrogen-fixing bacteria
 Mycorrihzae (fungi)
Rhizosphere
Nonmutulalistc adaptations

Epiphytes
◦ Grow on other plant surfaces instead of soil
Nonmutulalistc adaptations

Parasitic plants
◦ Rely on other plants for nutrients
◦ Tap into host vascular system
Nonmutulalistc adaptations

Carnivorous plants
◦ Get nitrogen and other materials by digesting
small animals
◦ In what type of soil would you find
carnivorous plants?
Practice:
Questions #12-16, 20-21 p. 224 in Holtzclaw
 Handout!
