Transcript leaf trunk - Rochester Community Schools

CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS
Urry • Cain • Wasserman • Minorsky • Jackson • Reece
29
Resource Acquisition,
Nutrition, and Transport
in Vascular Plants
Questions prepared by
Loraine Washburn, Bowdoin College
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
In plants’ transition to land, critical adaptations for
survival that arose included all except
A. photosynthesis.
B. the cuticle.
C. stomata.
D. bulk flow.
E. rhizoids.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
In plants’ transition to land, critical adaptations for
survival that arose included all except
A. photosynthesis.
B. the cuticle.
C. stomata.
D. bulk flow.
E. rhizoids.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which statement about the movement of water and
nutrients in plants is true?
A. Water and nutrients move from the roots to the
leaves via the stem or trunk.
B. Water and nutrients move from the leaves to the
roots via the stem or trunk.
C. Water and nutrients can move either from leaves
to roots or from roots to leaves via the stem or
trunk.
D. Water and nutrients are taken up by the roots and
move by active transport to the leaves.
E. Water and nutrients are pumped from the roots to
the leaves via a proton pump.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which statement about the movement of water and
nutrients in plants is true?
A. Water and nutrients move from the roots to the
leaves via the stem or trunk.
B. Water and nutrients move from the leaves to the
roots via the stem or trunk.
C. Water and nutrients can move either from leaves
to roots or from roots to leaves via the stem or
trunk.
D. Water and nutrients are taken up by the roots and
move by active transport to the leaves.
E. Water and nutrients are pumped from the roots to
the leaves via a proton pump.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
The difference between macronutrients and micronutrients
is that
A. the molecules of macronutrients are larger than those of
micronutrients.
B. macronutrients are essential for physiological function of
plants, while micronutrients amplify plant growth if they
are available.
C. macronutrients are needed for growth, while
micronutrients are needed only for reproduction.
D. macronutrients are required by plants in larger
quantities than are micronutrients.
E. the molecules of macronutrients move through the
symplast, and micronutrients can move through either
the symplast or the apoplast.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
The difference between macronutrients and micronutrients
is that
A. the molecules of macronutrients are larger than those of
micronutrients.
B. macronutrients are essential for physiological function of
plants, while micronutrients amplify plant growth if they
are available.
C. macronutrients are needed for growth, while
micronutrients are needed only for reproduction.
D. macronutrients are required by plants in larger
quantities than are micronutrients.
E. the molecules of macronutrients move through the
symplast, and micronutrients can move through either
the symplast or the apoplast.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Legumes (such as soybeans) commonly obtain their
nitrogen through a mutualistic association with
A. nitrifying bacteria, which oxidize ammonium to
nitrite.
B. ammonifying bacteria, which convert organic
nitrogen to ammonium.
C. denitrifying bacteria, which convert organic nitrite
to ammonium.
D. nitrifying bacteria, which extract nitrogen from
decomposing animals.
E. nitrogen-fixing bacteria, which convert
gaseous nitrogen to ammonium.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Legumes (such as soybeans) commonly obtain their
nitrogen through a mutualistic association with
A. nitrifying bacteria, which oxidize ammonium to
nitrite.
B. ammonifying bacteria, which convert organic
nitrogen to ammonium.
C. denitrifying bacteria, which convert organic nitrite
to ammonium.
D. nitrifying bacteria, which extract nitrogen from
decomposing animals.
E. nitrogen-fixing bacteria, which convert
gaseous nitrogen to ammonium.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
About ____% of a plant’s water escapes through
the stomata, although the stomata account for just
____% of the external leaf surface.
A. 75; 10
B. 75; 1–2
C. 95; 10
D. 95; 1–2
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
About ____% of a plant’s water escapes through
the stomata, although the stomata account for just
____% of the external leaf surface.
A. 75; 10
B. 75; 1–2
C. 95; 10
D. 95; 1–2
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which statement most accurately reflects the interaction
between plants and the soil in the rhizosphere in which
they grow?
A. Plants passively take up nitrogen from the soil with their
roots, interacting little with the rhizosphere.
B. Plants obtain nitrogen through a two-way
interaction assisted by metabolism of rhizosphere
bacteria to render nitrogen to useable forms, while
plants lose carbon to the bacteria.
C. Plants’ ability to absorb nitrogen is compromised due to
high concentrations of bacteria in the rhizosphere.
D. Rhizosphere bacteria form chains of cells that penetrate
the plant root and facilitate plant nitrogen absorption
through capillary action.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which statement most accurately reflects the interaction
between plants and the soil in the rhizosphere in which
they grow?
A. Plants passively take up nitrogen from the soil with their
roots, interacting little with the rhizosphere.
B. Plants obtain nitrogen through a two-way
interaction assisted by metabolism of rhizosphere
bacteria to render nitrogen to useable forms, while
plants lose carbon to the bacteria.
C. Plants’ ability to absorb nitrogen is compromised due to
high concentrations of bacteria in the rhizosphere.
D. Rhizosphere bacteria form chains of cells that penetrate
the plant root and facilitate plant nitrogen absorption
through capillary action.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
The basis of transpirational pull in the xylem is
A. positive root pressure from differences in solute
potential between soil and root.
B. hydrostatic pressure generated by the shrinking
in diameter of the trunk or stem.
C. negative pressure at the air-water interface in
the leaf.
D. pressure created by proton pumping of stomatal
guard cells.
E. adhesion tension of water molecules to xylem
cell walls.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
The basis of transpirational pull in the xylem is
A. positive root pressure from differences in solute
potential between soil and root.
B. hydrostatic pressure generated by the shrinking
in diameter of the trunk or stem.
C. negative pressure at the air-water interface in
the leaf.
D. pressure created by proton pumping of stomatal
guard cells.
E. adhesion tension of water molecules to xylem
cell walls.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which inequality reflects the correct relationship of
water potentials during active daytime
photosynthesis in a typical tree?
A. leaf   trunk   soil 
B. outside air   leaf mesophyll   root 
C. leaf   trunk   soil 
D. soil   root   leaf 
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which inequality reflects the correct relationship of
water potentials during active daytime
photosynthesis in a typical tree?
A. leaf   trunk   soil 
B. outside air   leaf mesophyll   root 
C. leaf   trunk   soil 
D. soil   root   leaf 
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
In a changing world, where humans have more than
doubled the annual production of nitrogen through fertilizer
manufacture and extensive planting of legumes, all of the
following are true except which one?
A. This is a boon to agriculture, while natural
ecosystems can grow more lushly.
B. There are concomitant changes in the soil, in the
abundances of nitrifying and denitrifying bacterial
communities.
C. Excess nitrogen is leading to overabundance of algal
growth in aquatic systems, lowering water quality.
D. This is bringing about a decrease in the abundance of
mycorrhizal fungi in the soil, with potential negative
consequences for agriculture.
E. Changing nitrogen inputs can cause loss of biodiversity.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
In a changing world, where humans have more than
doubled the annual production of nitrogen through fertilizer
manufacture and extensive planting of legumes, all of the
following are true except which one?
A. This is a boon to agriculture, while natural
ecosystems can grow more lushly.
B. There are concomitant changes in the soil, in the
abundances of nitrifying and denitrifying bacterial
communities.
C. Excess nitrogen is leading to overabundance of algal
growth in aquatic systems, lowering water quality.
D. This is bringing about a decrease in the abundance of
mycorrhizal fungi in the soil, with potential negative
consequences for agriculture.
E. Changing nitrogen inputs can cause loss of biodiversity.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Water can enter roots through two pathways,
apoplastic and symplastic routes. How do these
pathways differ?
A. The apoplastic route is for water and the
symplastic route is for nutrients.
B. The apoplastic route does not involve
transport across a cell membrane, but the
symplastic route does.
C. The apoplastic route is for nutrients and the
symplastic route is for water.
D. The apoplastic route is used in xylem and the
symplastic route in phloem.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Water can enter roots through two pathways,
apoplastic and symplastic routes. How do these
pathways differ?
A. The apoplastic route is for water and the
symplastic route is for nutrients.
B. The apoplastic route does not involve
transport across a cell membrane, but the
symplastic route does.
C. The apoplastic route is for nutrients and the
symplastic route is for water.
D. The apoplastic route is used in xylem and the
symplastic route in phloem.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.