Transcript Essential Plant Nutrients

Essential Plant Nutrients
PLSC-250
Chapter 4
17 Essential Plant Nutrients
 Carbon, Hydrogen &
Oxygen
 Primary Nutrients ( N,
P,K)
 Secondary Nutrients (S,
Mg, Ca)
 Micro Nutrients(B, Mn,
Cu, Zn,Fe, Mo, Cl, Ni)
CHO
 Carbon- Forms back
bone of plants.
Photosynthesis is key.
 Hydrogen- Water
transport
 Oxygen-important is
respiration.
Primary Nutrients
 Nitrogen
 Function-growth and
green color
 Deficiency- stunted
growth, pale yellow
older leaves
 Absorbed N03-, NH4+
Primary Nutrients
 Phosphorous
 Stimulates early growth
and root formation,
promotes seed
production
 Deficiency-slow growth,
purplish color
 Absorbed H2PO4-,
HPO42-
Primary Nutrients
 Potassium
 Function-improves
resistance to disease &
cold. Aids in CHO
production
 Deficiency-slow
growth,scorched effect
 Absorbed-K+
Secondary Nutrients
 Calcium
 Function Aids in
movement of CHO in
terminal buds
 Deficiency- Terminal
bud dies, blooms shed
early
 Absorbed-Ca2+
Secondary Nutrients
 Magnesium
 Function-ingredient of
chlorophyll aids in
translocation formation
of oils and fats
 Deficiency-yellowing of
lower leaves curl up
 Absorbed-Mg 2 +
Secondary Nutrients
 Sulfur
 Function-aids in the
formation of oils and
certain proteins.
 Deficiency-lower leaves
yellow-green, stems
and roots small.
 Absorbed SO42-
Micronutrients
 Zinc ( zinc ion Zn++)
 It controls the synthesis of indoleacetic acid,
an important growth regulator.
 Deficiency – Terminal growth areas are
affected first. Citrus & other tree crops.
 Symptoms – decrease in stem length &
rosetting of terminal leaves, Reduced fruit
buds, Mottled young leaves, Dieback of twigs
after first year, Striping or banding on corn
leaves.
Micronutrients
 Iron ( Fe++)
 An activator for respiration, photosynthesis,
and symbiotic nitrogen fixation.
 Symptoms – Interveinal chlorosis of young
leaves. Veins remain green except in severe
cases., Twig dieback, In severe cases, death
of entire limbs or plants.
Micronutrients
 Manganese (ion Mn++)
 An activator for enzymes in plant growth.
 Symptoms – Interveinal chlorosis of young
leaves. Gradation of pale-green leaf
coloration, with darker color next to veins.,
There is no sharp color distinction between
veins & interveinal brown spots or streaks
(barley) or necrotic spots (potatoes)
Micronutrients
 Copper (ions Cu+ & Cu++)
 An activator of several plant enzymes & may
play a role in Vitamin A production.
 Symptoms – Stunted growth., Dieback of
terminal shoots in trees., Poor pigmentation.,
Wilting & eventual death of leaf tips.,
Formation of gum pockets around central pith
in citrus.
Micronutrients
 Boron (boric acid H3BO3)
 Functions in plants in the differentiation of
meristematic tissue.
 Symptoms – Reduced flower or improper
pollination., Death of terminal growth, causing
lateral buds to develop, producing a “witch’s
broom” effect., Thickened,, curled, wilted, &
chlorotic leaves., Soft or necrotic spot in fruit
or tubers
Micronutrients
 Molybdenum (molybdate ion MoO4=)
 Need by plants to utilize nitrogen
 Symptoms –Stunting & lack of vigor. This is
similar to nitrogen deficiency, because of the
key role molybdenum in nitrogen utilization.,
Marginal scorching & cupping or rolling of
leaves., “Whiptail” of cauliflower., Yellow
spotting of citrus.
Micronutrients
 Chlorine (ion Cl-)
 Required for photosynthetic reaction in plants
& regulating cell turgor potential.
 Symptoms – Spotting of leaves of small
grains, first on older leaves & more severe
toward the tip half of the leaf blade., Delayed
maturity.
Micronutrients
 Nickel (divalent cation Ni++)
 Used in the conversion of urea to ammonia in
plant tissue – overall nitrogen metabolism.
 Symptoms – Chlorosis of young leaves.,
Death of meristem.