Transcript Slide 1

AGENDA for 01/23/14
• AGENDA:
1.
Intro to Unit 3: Sickle Cell
Disease
3.1.1: Blood Detectives
2.
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3.
Microscope Lab
Runts Activity
Unit 2 Review
• HOMEWORK:
• Due Fri, 01-24
1. Unit 2 Study Guide
• Due Mon, 01-27
1. 3.1.1 Activity Packet
2. 3.1.1 Career Journals
• OBJECTIVES:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Explain the function of each of
the major components of
blood
Perform a hemocrit
Define anemia
Compare normal vs. sickleshaped red blood cells
• Unit 2 Exam tomorrow, Fri,
01-24
3.1 Key Terms
Blood Plasma
A condition in which the blood is deficient in red blood cells, in hemoglobin, or in total
volume.
The pale yellow fluid portion of whole blood that consists of water and its dissolved
constituents including, sugars, lipids, metabolic waste products, amino acids, hormones, and
vitamins.
Erythrocytes (Red Blood
Cells)
Any of the hemoglobin-containing cells that carry oxygen to the tissues and are responsible
for the red color of vertebrate blood.
Hematocrit
The percent of the volume of whole blood that is composed of red blood cells as determined
by separation of red blood cells from the plasma usually by centrifugation.
Anemia
Leukocytes (White Blood Any of the blood cells that are colorless, lack hemoglobin, contain a nucleus, and include the
Cells)
lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils.
Sickle Cell Disease
Individuals who are homozygous for the gene controlling hemoglobin S. The disease is
characterized by the destruction of red blood cells and by episodic blocking of blood vessels
by the adherence of sickle cells to the vascular endothelium.
Thrombocytes (Platelets) A minute colorless anucleate disklike body of mammalian blood that assists in blood clotting
by adhering to other platelets and to damaged epithelium.
Essential Questions for 3.1.1
1. What is sickle cell disease?
2. Why does the sickling of red blood cells cause
health problems?
3. What is sickle cell anemia?
4. How is anemia diagnosed?
Notes: Blood
Blood – Did You Know…
• An average adult has approximately 4.7 L (5 quarts)
of blood.
• Blood comprises about 8% of a person’s total body
weight.
• Blood travels 60,000 mi (96,540 Km) per day in your
body.
• 15 million blood cells die every day and have to be
replaced.
What is the Composition of Blood?
• Blood is about 78% liquid and 22% solids
• Four Major Components of Blood
– Plasma
– Red Blood Cells (RBC)
– White Blood Cells (WBC)
– Platelets
Blood Plasma—The Liquid of Life
• Composition:
– 90% water
– Ionic salts (electrolytes)
– Soluble proteins
• Functions:
– Helps maintain homeostatic balance
– Allows for the correct function of muscles and
nerves
– Transports soluble substances
– Carries factors needed for blood clotting
Plasma Transports:
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Nutrients
Electrolytes
Hormones
Antibodies
Clotting factors
Metabolic wastes
Dissolved Gases: oxygen and carbon dioxide
In your NB, define the following:
Component:
Plasma
Red Blood Cells
(Erythrocytes)
White Blood Cells
(Leukocytes)
Platelets (Thrombocytes)
Function:
Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)
• Most abundant blood
cell
• 5.2 billion RBC per mL
of blood
• Mature cells lack a
nucleus
• Average Lifespan: 120
Days
Used with permission of Brian Garrigan
http://health.howstuffworks.com/blood.htm
Red Blood Cell Facts
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Can be frozen for ten years
Hemoglobin makes up 33% of cell mass
Primary function is to transport oxygen
Help remove carbon dioxide
Produced in bone marrow
Travel single file through capillaries
White Blood Cells (Leukocytes)
• Types
– Monocyte
– Neutrophil
– Lymphocyte
– Basophil
– Eosinophil
See
Pictures
of These
Cells
White Blood Cell Facts
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Largest of the blood cells
Normally 5000 to 10,000 WBC per mL blood
Variable life span – from a few days to years
Produced in bone marrow
Part of the immune system
Increase in number when infection or
inflammation is present
White Blood Cells—Functions
Monocytes and Neutrophils:
• Destroy bacteria and other foreign materials
• Signal other immune cells that foreign material is
inside body
Lymphocytes:
• Destroy abnormal cells
• Produce antibodies
• Moderate immune response
White Blood Cells—Functions
Eosinophils
• Kill multicellular parasites (e.g. blood fluke)
Basophils
• Can destroy foreign material
• Involved in inflammation response
• Involved in development of allergies
Platelets (Thrombocytes)
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Formed in bone marrow
Not cells, are fragments of precursor cells
Lifespan—10 Days
Help blood clot by forming “platelet plugs.”
Stimulate other clotting factors
Approximately 250,000 per mL of blood
Normal-Shaped vs Sickle-Shaped Cells
• Normal-shaped cells have a round, flattened shape
with a dimple in the middle (why?)
• Sickle-shaped cells have an elongated, crescentshape
Activity Objectives – 3.1.1.
1. Learn about the components and function of
blood
2. Examine blood using a microscope
3. Perform a hemocrit
4. Explain how sickle-cell anemia affects the
body and causes health problems
3.1.1. Conclusion Question
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6.
You fall down and scrape your hand – describe what each component of
blood would be doing at the injury site.
Anna has a condition called sickle cell anemia, a blood disorder. Based on
the differences you observed between the normal blood slide and Anna’s
blood slide, what do you think is a defining feature of this disease? Explain
your answer.
How does the abnormal shape of a sickled red blood cell affect its
movement through blood vessels?
People with sickle cell anemia often experience episodes of severe pain in
their joints, chest, and abdomen and swelling in their hands and feet.
Using what you know about the function of blood, why do you think the
abnormal shape of sickled red blood cells causes these symptoms?
Anna’s autopsy shows that the nails on her fingers were a blue/gray color.
How does Anna’s hematocrit level relate to these symptoms?
How might sickle cell disease have been related to Anna’s death?
Due Mon, 01-27
3.1.1 Activity Checklist
1. 3.1.1. Blood Notes; Terms Definitions/Functions
(NB) STAMP
2. 3.1.1. Prepared Blood Slides Drawings (LB)
3. 3.1.1. Runts Observation Activity (LB)
STAMP
4. 3.1.1. Hemocrit Lab (LB)
5. 3.1.1. Conclusion Questions
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Total = 14
3.1.1. Activity Directions
3.1.1. Blood Notes; Terms
Definitions/Functions (NB)
1. Take notes from the lecture (also available on website)
2. Refer to curriculum file for more detailed instructions
3. Take notes in your NB on what the medication
hydroxyurea is and what it does (refer to step 3)
4. Research sickle cell disease on the internet, and take
notes in your (NB) (step 3)
5. Use the internet to find information on the
components of blood and, using the table (step 5) in
the curriculum file, state the function of each
6. List (at least 2) internet sources in your NB that you
used (must be in APA format)
7. Get a stamp
3.1.1. Prepared Blood Slides (LB)
1. Refer to curriculum file for more detailed instructions
2. Read directions for proper microscope use (refer to the How
to Use a Microscope handout on the website or listen for
the teacher’s instructions)
3. You will use the 4x, 10x and 40x objectives, never the 100x
objective for this activity.
4. Refer to steps 7-14
5. You will be examining a prepared slide of normal blood and
one of Anna’s blood
6. You will include 6 drawings, all colored and labeled
appropriately. Include:
1. 3 drawings of normal: 4x, 10x, 40x
2. 3 drawings of Anna’s: 4x, 10x, 40x
7. Turn in the blue LB copy with your checklist
Simulated Blood Smear
Used with permission of Ken Hoge
http://texasheart.org/HIC/Anatmy/blood.cfm?&RenderForPrint=1
3.1.1. Runts Observation Activity (LB)
1. Refer to curriculum file for more detailed instructions
2. Refer to steps 24-29
3. You will be using Runts candy to simulate the
difference between blood flow between normalshaped cells and sickle-shaped cells
4. You will include:
1. A summary of your observations. Be detailed in your
description
2. A drawing of your activity and observation. Be sure to label
your drawings
3. A conclusion of how sickle-shaped cell affect blood flow
5. Get a stamp
6. Turn in the blue LB copy with your checklist
3.1.1. Hemocrit Lab (LB)
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Refer to curriculum file for more detailed instructions
Refer to Part III and steps 31-41
Read the paragraph in Part II about anemia
In your NB, define all the italicized words in the paragraph
You will obtain a “sample” of Anna’s blood.
Pay careful attention to the instructor on proper microcentrifuge
use. The microcentrifuge can be turned on only after an even
number of tubes are evenly placed inside.
7. In your LB, include:
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Total height of blood
Height of red blood cells
Calculated hemocrit
Results of Anna’s hemocrit
Possible Causes of Death update (in your LB)
8. Turn in the blue LB copy with your checklist
3.1.1. Career Journals
1. Refer to curriculum file for more detailed
instructions.
2. The career journals will be turned in separately
and scored separately from this activity packet
3. Refer to steps 39-41
4. You will research 1 career:
1. Phlebotomist
5. Due Mon, 01-27
• Next slide has instructions for the correct
formatting of your career journals
3.1.1. Career Journals
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1. Correct Title
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All CAPS
2. Education and Training
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Bullet each responsibility and
duty starting with a verb
(action word  leave out the
subject)
Must include at least 5
4. Salary
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5. Documentation
include all required degrees,
field and major of study
Specific types of certifications,
licensing, or training
Time/years of study
Bullet each of the above
6.
3. Responsibilities and Duties
Low
High
Average
– At least 2
– Must use .edu, .gov, .org (.com
only if approved by Mr. Hwang
first)
– Must be in correct APA format
Self-Reflection
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Summary of the description of
job
1 advantage of job
1 disadvantage of job
Reason you would like or
dislike the job