Transcript The Renaissance

The
Renaissance
DO NOW
Write a definition for the word rebirth.
FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTED
TO THE BEGINNING OF THE
RENAISSANCE
• Trade and commerce increased
• Cities grew larger and wealthier
• Newly wealthy merchants and bankers supported the
growth of the arts and learning
• The Renaissance was an age of recovery from the disasters
of the 14th century, such as the plague and political
instability
• Recovery went hand-in-hand with a rebirth of interest in
ancient culture (e.g., ancient Greece and Rome)
• A new view of human beings emerged as people in the
Italian Renaissance began to emphasize individual ability
DO NOW
What was one of the factors that contributed to
the beginning of the Renaissance?
What was the Renaissance?
The Renaissance was a cultural movement
and a time of renewal (Europe was
recovering from the Dark Ages and the
Black Death/Bubonic Plague)
Renaissance means “rebirth” of classical
knowledge and “birth” of the modern
world (new intellectual and artistic ideas
that developed during the Renaissance
marked the beginning of the modern
world)
WHERE DID THE RENAISSANCE
BEGIN?
•Italy
•Italian Cities
•Urban Societies
•Major Trading Centers
•Secular Movement
•People began to put their focus on human beings
and material possessions
WHEN DID THE
RENAISSANCE TAKE PLACE?
th
14
Roughly the
to the
century
th
17
THE BLACK DEATH: BUBONIC
PLAGUE
• 1330s - An outbreak of deadly bubonic plague occurred in China
• Mainly affects rodents, but fleas can transmit the disease to people
• Once people are infected, they infect others very rapidly
• Plague causes fever, painful swelling of the lymph glands, and spots
on the skin that are red at first and then turn black = Black Death
• Since China was one of the busiest of the world's trading nations, it
was only a matter of time before the outbreak of plague in China
spread to western Asia and Europe
• In 1347, Italian merchant ships returned from a trip to the Black Sea,
one of the key links in trade with China. When the ships docked in
Sicily (Italy), many of those on board were already dying of plague.
• Within days the disease spread to the city and the surrounding
countryside
BUBONIC PLAGUE CONTINUED
After five years 25 million people were dead-one-third of Europe's population.
Even when the worst was over, smaller outbreaks
continued, not just for years, but for centuries.
The survivors lived in constant fear of the
plague's return, and the disease did not disappear
until the 1600s.
Milan
One of the richest cities, it controls
trade through the Alps.
MAJOR ITALIAN
CITY-STATES
Venice
Located on the Adriatic Sea, it is a
major trade route between Asia &
Europe.
Florence
Controlled by the Medici Family, who
became great patrons of the arts.
Milan
Venice
Genoa
Florence
Genoa
Had Access to Trade Routes
Rome
Headquarters of the Catholic
Church
All of these cities:
• Had access to trade routes connecting
Europe with Middle Eastern markets
• Served as trading centers for the
distribution of goods to northern Europe
Rome
ITALIAN CITY-STATES
Because Italy failed to become united during the Dark Ages,
many independent city-states emerged in Italy.
Each city-state was controlled by a powerful family and
dominated by a wealthy merchant class. Their interest in art
and emphasis on personal achievement helped to shape the
Italian Renaissance.
Example: The Medici family of Florence ranked among the
richest merchants and bankers in Europe; they ruled
Florence for over 70 years.
28.4 The Influence of Italian City-States
DO NOW
Why do you think art was so influential
during the Renaissance?
The Renaissance produced new ideas that
were reflected in the arts, philosophy, and
literature.
Patrons, wealthy from newly expanded
trade, sponsored works which glorified
city-states in northern Italy. Education
became increasingly secular.
• Classical art showed the importance of people and
leaders, as well as gods and goddesses
• Medieval art and literature focused on religion
• Renaissance art and literature focused on the
importance of people and nature, along with
religion
ACTIVITY:
CLASSICAL, MEDIEVAL, OR
RENAISSANCE?
Think, Pair, Share
Look at each piece of artwork and
determine which period the artwork is
from: Classical, Medieval, or Renaissance.
List three reasons for your choice.
Use your notes for help!
SHARE
Now, let’s see how we did!
Classical = Raise 1 Finger
Medieval = Raise 2 Fingers
Renaissance = Raise 3 Fingers
CLASSICAL ART
• Figures were lifelike but often idealized (more
perfect than in real life)
• Figures were nude or draped in togas (robes)
• Bodies looked active, and motion was
believable
• Faces were calm and without emotion
• Scenes showed either heroic figures or real
people doing tasks from daily life
MEDIEVAL ART
• Most art was religious
• Important figures in paintings were shown as
larger than others around them
• Figures looked stiff, with little sense of
movement
• Figures were fully dressed in stiff-looking
clothing
• Faces were serious and showed little feeling
• Paint colors were bright
RENAISSANCE ART
• Artists showed religious and nonreligious scenes
• Art reflected a great interest in nature
• Figures were lifelike and three-dimensional, reflecting an
increasing knowledge of anatomy
• Bodies looked active and were shown moving
• Figures were either nude or clothed
• Scenes showed real people doing everyday tasks
• Faces expressed what people were thinking
• Paintings were often symmetrical (balanced, with the right
and left sides having similar or identical elements)
DO NOW
Describe similarities and differences
between Medieval art and Renaissance
art.
Renaissance artists embraced some of the ideals
of ancient Greece and Rome in their art.
The purpose of art would no longer be religious,
as it had been in Medieval Europe. Artists wanted
their subjects to be realistic and focused on
humanity and emotion.
New Techniques also emerged.
ART AND PATRONAGE
•
Italians patrons (financial supporters)
were willing to spend a lot of money on
art.
•
Art communicated social, political, and
spiritual values and therefore, the
ownership of art was used as a form of
competition for social & political status.
DAVID
Michelangelo
created his
masterpiece
David in
1504.
The Biblical
shepherd,
David (who
killed Goliath)
recalls the
harmony and
grace of
ancient Greek
tradition
 15c
What
a
difference
a
century
makes!
16c 
SISTINE CHAPEL
About a year after creating
David, Pope Julius II
summoned Michelangelo to
Rome to work on his most
famous project, the ceiling of
the Sistine Chapel.
Depicts the biblical history of
the world from the Creation to
the Flood
PIETA 1499
MARBLE SCULPTURE
MOSES
1452-1519
Painter, Sculptor,
Architect,
Mathematician,
Engineer
MONA LISA
(1503-1506)
THE LAST SUPPER
(1495-1498)
NOTEBOOKS
Leonardo da Vinci dissected corpses
to learn how bones and muscles work
RAPHAEL
PAINTER
1483-1520
Perspective
Subjects are mainly
secular, but can be
religious
Figures look idealized,
but can also look like
everyday ordinary people
Bodies are active
Clothed or unclothed
1510 Fresco
Vatican City
Faces are expressive
An imaginary gathering of great thinkers
and scientists
Detail
Pythagoras
Plato and Aristotle
Socrates
Raphael (back)
Euclid
Zoroaster & Ptolemy