Transcript Newby From Patient to Payment 5th Edition Chapter 8

Biology
Brooker/Widmaier/Graham/Stiling
1st Edition
Chapter 7
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Question 1
The sum total of all reactions that occur within a cell is
referred to as:
A) the Central Dogma.
B) metabolism.
C) respiration.
D) thermodynamics.
E) oxidative phosphorylation.
Question 2
The Blue Cross and Blue Shield medical insurance policy
is called a certificate.
A. True
B. False
Question 3
The synthesis of ATP using energy provided by an
electrochemical gradient is most accurately referred to
as:
A) substrate level phosphorylation.
B) reduction.
C) oxidation.
D) oxidative phosphorylation.
E) fermentation.
Question 4
Which one of the following does not represent a likely
function of a secondary metabolite?
A) producing a bad taste to prevent an animal from eating
a plant
B) attracting insects to assist in pollination
C) aiding in the formation of a cell wall
D) inhibiting growth of nearby organisms
E) All of the above are likely roles of secondary
metabolites.
Question 5
Match the type of energy on the left with the appropriate
description on the right.
i. potential energy
a. energy contained within covalent bonds
ii. chemical energy
b. energy associated with movement
c. energy due to structure or location
iii. kinetic energy
A) i = c; ii = b; iii = a
B) i = a; ii = c; iii = b
C) i = a; ii = b; iii = c
D) i = b; ii = a; iii = c
E) i = c; ii = a; iii = b
Question 6
Which one of the following describes a reaction in which
the products are at a higher energy level than the
reactants?
A) endergonic
B) -DG
C) spontaneous
D) catabolic
E) hydrolysis of ATP
Question 7
True or False: While the majority of biological catalysts
are proteins, some catalytic activity can be found in
nucleic acid molecules.
A) True
B) False
Question 8
Which one of the following is statements about enzymes is
incorrect?
A) Enzymes can temporarily accept reactive groups from
substrate molecules.
B) Enzymes are optimally active within a narrow range of pH
and temperature.
C) Substrates bind very specifically to an enzyme's active site.
D) Enzymes allow reactions to occur that would not happen
in the absence of enzyme.
E) The binding of a substrate molecule to an enzyme often
puts a strain on the bonds within the substrate.
Question 9
The gain of electrons is referred to as ________, while the
loss of electrons is referred to as ________.
A) oxidation; reduction
B) condensation; hydrolysis
C) reduction; oxidation
D) dephosphorylation; phosphorylation
E) hydrolysis; condensation
Question 10
Which one of the following statements about ATP is correct?
A) Approximately 80% of all cellular proteins are believed to
bind ATP.
B) A given molecule of ATP in an average human is believed
to undergo 10,000 rounds of hydrolysis and re-synthesis
per day.
C) Chaperones are regulatory proteins that use ATP to
attach a phosphate to proteins.
D) The synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate
is a spontaneous reaction.
E) None of the above statements about ATP is correct.
Question 11
True or False: The product of a metabolic pathway
inhibiting an enzyme that acts earlier in the pathway is
an example of competitive inhibition.
A) True
B) False
Question 12
The greatest impact on the formation of the product of a
metabolic pathway is generally seen at the:
A) first step.
B) last step.
C) rate-limiting step.
D) most exergonic step.
E) most endergonic step.
Question 13
Which one of the following statements about glycolysis is
incorrect?
A) Glycolysis involves an energy "investment" phase and an
energy "payout" phase.
B) A net yield of 2 ATP is achieved per molecule of glucose in
glycolysis.
C) At the end of glycolysis, the six carbons that originated in
glucose are found in one molecule of pyruvate and three
carbon dioxides.
D) Glycolysis is essentially the same in all living organisms.
E) Some of the energy liberated during glycolysis is used to
reduce NAD+ into NADH.
Question 14
In eukaryotes, pyruvate oxidation occurs in the _______,
and the citric acid cycle occurs in the _______.
A) cytoplasm; mitochondrial matrix
B) mitochondrial matrix; mitochondrial matrix
C) outer mitochondrial membrane; inner mitochondrial
membrane
D) cytoplasm; cytoplasm
E) outer mitochondrial membrane; mitochondrial matrix
Question 15
True or False: The final electron acceptor at the end of the
electron transport chain is oxygen.
A) True
B) False
Question 16
Which one of the following is not a product of the citric
acid cycle?
A) FADH2
B) NADH
C) carbon dioxide
D) GTP (then converted to ATP)
E) water
Question 17
Which one of the following components of the electron
transport chain does not actively pump protons across
the inner mitochondrial membrane?
A) cytochrome b-c1
B) cytochrome oxidase
C) NADH dehydrogenase
D) succinate reductase
E) All of the above components of the electron transport
chain actively pump protons across the inner
mitochondrial membrane.
Question 18
True or False: Energy can be obtained from food products
other than carbohydrates by converting those food
sources into molecules that enter glycolysis or the citric
acid cycle at other points.
A) True
B) False
Question 19
Which one of the following statements about anaerobic
respiration is correct?
A) Cells undergoing anaerobic respiration generate
additional ATP during fermentation reactions.
B) Yeast cells build up lactic acid as a by-product of
anaerobic respiration.
C) An important function of fermentation reactions is to
recycle FADH2 back to FAD.
D) Some organisms have evolved methods of using molecules
other than oxygen as terminal electron acceptors.
E) Since there is no oxygen in the ocean, all marine life must
be capable of carrying out anaerobic respiration.
Question 20
Match the type of secondary metabolite on the left with
the representative examples on the right.
a. beta-carotene, cinnamon
i. polyketides
b. capsaicin, atropine
ii. alkaloids
c. streptomycin, tetracycline
iii. phenolic compounds
d. vanillin, pelargonidin
iv. terpenoids
A) i = c; ii = b; iii = d; iv = a
B) i = b; ii = a; iii = c; iv = d
C) i = d; ii = c; iii = a; iv = b
D) i = a; ii = b; iii = d; iv = c
E) i = d; ii = b; iii = c; iv = a
Answer Key
1. B
2. E
3. D
4. C
5. E
6. A
7. A
8. D
9. C
10. B
11. B
12. C
13. C
14. B
15. A
16. E
17. D
18. A
19. D
20. A