Transcript Krebs and ETC powerpoint

http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/cha
pter25/animation__how_the_krebs_cycle_wor
ks__quiz_1_.html
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A1DjTM1q
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http://vcell.ndsu.nodak.edu/animations/etc/m
ovie-flash.htm
Step
coenzyme yield
Glycolysis
preparatory phase
Glycolysis pay-off
phase
Oxidative
decarboxylation of
pyruvate
Krebs cycle
Total yield
ATP yield
Source of ATP
-2
Phosphorylation of
glucose and fructose
6-phosphate uses
two ATP from the
cytoplasm.
4
Substrate-level
phosphorylation
Oxidative
phosphorylation –
Each NADH
produces net 2 ATP
due to NADH
transport over the
mitochondrial
membrane
2 NADH
4–6
2 NADH
6
Oxidative
phosphorylation
2
Substrate-level
phosphorylation
6 NADH
18
Oxidative
phosphorylation
2 FADH2
4
Oxidative
phosphorylation
36–38 ATP
From the complete
oxidation of one
glucose molecule to
carbon dioxide and
oxidation of all the
reduced coenzymes.
C6H12O6 (s) + 6 O2 (g) → 6 CO2 (g) + 6 H2O (l) ΔG = -2880 kJ per mole of C6H12O6
Why are Krebs and ETC considered aerobic?
What would happen if O2 levels are low?
Anaerobic respiration = fermentation
Some Lactobacillus species are used for the
production of yogurt, cheese, sauerkraut, pickles,
beer, wine, cider, kimchi, chocolate, and other
fermented foods, as well as animal feeds, such as
silage. Sourdough bread is made using a "starter
culture," which is a symbiotic culture of yeast and
lactic acid bacteria growing in a water and flour
medium. Lactobacilli, especially L. casei and L. brevis,
are some of the most common beer spoilage
organisms. The species operate by lowering the pH
of the fermenting substance by creating the lactic
acid, neutralising it to the desired extent.
By fermentation the yeast species
Saccharomyces cerevisiae converts
carbohydrates to carbon dioxide and alcohols for thousands of years the carbon dioxide has
been used in baking and the alcohol in
alcoholic beverages.[5] It is also extremely
important as a model organism in modern cell
biology research, and is one of the most
thoroughly researched eukaryotic
microorganisms. Researchers have used it to
gather information about the biology of the
eukaryotic cell and ultimately human biology.[
Facultative anaerobes
Staph aureus
Listeria monocytogenes
Obligate anaerobes
Clostridium diffcile
Clostridium tetani