Transcript Cell.Biology.2. Macromolecules edited

Catalyst
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Rank the following foods, with the food you think is
healthiest at the top and the unhealthiest at the bottom.
Whole wheat bread
Crunchy Peanut Butter
Orange Juice
Cheetos
Bagel
Turkey breast
Soy beans
Chocolate chip cookie
Macromolecules
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Monomers: Molecules that link to make macromolecules/polymers.
“one”
“many”
monomer – monomer – monomer
polymer/macromolecule
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4 Main Macromolecules
Class
Polymer/Macromolecule
Monomer
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrate / Polysaccharide
Monosaccharide
Lipids
Lipid
Glycerol Molecule + Fatty Acid Tails
Proteins
Protein / Polypeptide
Amino Acids
Nucleic Acids
Nucleic Acid
Nucleotides
Macromolecules
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Carbohydrate / Polysaccharide (Macromolecule)
Monosaccharide (Monomer)
Monosaccharide (“Simple Carbs”)
• Glucose Molecule
“Sugar”
Carbohydrate / Polysaccharide
(“Complex Carbs”)
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Function: Store short term energy
Food Sources: Grains (carbohydrate), Candy (Monosaccharide)
Connections: “Carb-Loading” before a race.
SIMPLE VS. COMPLEX CARBS
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Simple carbs are easily and quickly digested
Also known as simple sugar
Get their name because they are made up of only one or
two sugars
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Examples: table sugar, soda, candy
Complex carbs take longer to digest
Also known as starch
Get their name because they are made up three or more
sugars
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Examples: bread, pasta, grain
Carb-Loading
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rNL8LbQ80dI
Macromolecules
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Lipid (Macromolecule)
Glycerol Molecule + Fatty Acid Tails (Building Blocks)
Zoom-In
Lipid
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Glycerol Molecule
Polar / Hydrophilic
(Loves Water)
Fatty Acid Tails (Any #)
Nonpolar / Hydrophobic
(Hates Water)
Function: Store long term energy, cushioning
Food Sources: Oils, Fats, Waxes
Connections: Fat cells synthesize & breakdown lipids
Your fat looks like this…
Macromolecules
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Protein / Polypeptide (Macromolecule)
Amino Acids (Monomer) Zoom-In
H
H2N
Protein
Leu
Phe Leu
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Cys
Ser
C
R
COOH
Side chain changes
for each of the 20
amino acids.
Function: Enzymes, Hormones, Structural Support, Cell
Communication
Food Sources: Meat, Eggs, Beans, Soy, Milk
Connections: Protein powder to “build muscle”.
Make your own protein shake!
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zZuGs7LML-Q
Macromolecules
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Nucleic Acid (Macromolecule)
Nucleotides (Monomer)
Zoom-In
P
P
Nucleic Acid
Key
P
= Phosphate Group
= Sugar (“-ose”
= Nitrogenous Base
Image Source: www.astrochem.org
P
Nucleotide
Macromolecules
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Nucleic Acid (Macromolecule)
Nucleotides (Monomer)
Function: Store and transmit genetic information;
“blueprints”
ATP
Examples:
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deoxyribose sugar
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RNA (ribonucleic acid)
ribose sugar
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P
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
P
P
Nucleic
Acids
Break this bond for ENERGY!
Nucleotide
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xZaMi6OhsSU
Macromolecule Stations
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4 stations
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Simple carbs
Complex carbs
Protein
sugar
Fill out the table for the station you’re assigned, and then
rotate (after approval from Ms. Adabale)
You have about 7 minutes at each station
Cells
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Levels of Organization
Protons
Electrons
Neutrons
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Atoms
Molecules
Monomers
Macromolecules/
Polymers
Cells:
A.
B.
C.
All life has ≥1 cell(s)
Basic unit of life (anything before is not living)
Cells come from other living cells
Cells
Organisms
Scavenger Hunt
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You are working with your table
You have 15 minutes to get as much done as you can.
As soon as you’re done, or after 15 minutes (whichever
comes first), come back to class.
Homework
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Create a book of Macromolecules
Fold 3 sheets of letter-sized paper horizontally
First page should include your name, period, and date
Dedicate 2 pages/macromolecule
Pages must include: polymer and monomer name, picture
of polymer and monomer, function, and at least 2
examples
Make it colorful!
Decorate the cover of your book