Transcript Topic 20.1 Organic Chemistry HL Introduction

20.1 Introduction
Assessment Statements
10.1.6 Apply IUPAC rules for the naming the isomers of
non-cyclic isomers up to C6
20.1.1 Deduce structural formula for compounds
containing up to six carbon atoms with one of the
following functional groups: amine, amide, ester,
nitrile
20.1.2 Apply IUPAC rules for naming compounds
containing up to six carbon atoms with one of the
following functional groups: amine, amide, ester,
nitrile.
Naming Compounds SL
Nomenclature of Branched-Chain Alkanes (IUPAC)




Locate the longest continuous chain of carbons; this is the
parent chain and determines the parent name.
Number the longest chain beginning with the end of the chain
nearer the substituent
Designate the location of the substituent
When two or more substituents are present, give each
substituent a number corresponding to its location on the longest
chain
 Substituents are listed alphabetically
4
Revision SL
 Name the following compounds……………
1
2 3 4
CH2=CHCH2CH3
1-butene
but-1-ene
CH3CH=CHCH3
2-butene
but-2-ene
2-butyne
but-2-yne

CH3C CCH3
Cl
Cl
H
H
Cl
CH 3
CH 3
Br
H3C
CH 3
CH 3
chloroethane
2-bromo-2-chlorobutane
Cl
2,3-dichlorobutane
OH
OH
propan-1-ol
or: 1-propanol
propan-2-ol
or: 2-propanol
OH
pentan-3-ol
or: 3-pentanol
Which Functional Groups are these????
O
O
H3C
CH 3
2-propanone
Ketone
H
propanal
Aldehyde
Name these Compounds
O
O
H3C
OH
ethanoic acid
OH
propanoic acid
O
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH
O
CH3 CH CH
CH3
Butanal
Isobutanal,
2-methylpropanal
Assessment Statement
 20.1.1 Deduce structural formula for compounds
containing up to six carbon atoms with one of the
following functional groups: amine, amide, ester,
nitrile
Assessment Statement
20.1.2 Apply IUPAC rules for naming compounds
containing up to six carbon atoms with one of the
following functional groups: amine, amide, ester,
nitrile.
Esters
 The ester functional group is where the H on the
OH of a carboxylic acid has been replaced by an
alkyl group,
Carboxylic
acid
Alkyl
group
attached
to the
oxygen on
a
carboxylic
acid.
Methyl
PropanOATE
Name These……
O
H3C
C
O
CH2 CH3
Ethyl Group Attached to the
Oxygen
Ethyl Ethanoate
Propyl Methanoate
O
HC
O
CH2 CH2 CH3
O
HC
O
Methylethyl Methanoate
(Isopropyl Methanoate)
CH CH3
CH3
Amines
 Amines have a NH2 functional group
 They have a complicated naming system as there a
so many ways you can put this functional group in a
molecule……
o
1,
o
2
and
o
3
Amines
N is used to
show the
position of the
added groups
 The amine group can also be positioned on a carbon
WITHIN a chain.
 In this case the nomenclature (naming) system
changes to a prefix AMINO
Amine group on
the 2nd Carbon in
the chain
2-Aminopentane
CH 3
NH2
H3C
methanamine
N
CH 3
H3C
NH
N-methylethanamine
H3C
CH 3
N-ethyl-N-methylpropan-1-amine
Nitriles
 Nitriles are a Nitrogen atom triple bonded to the
carbon.
 Naming these are easy as can only be found on the
end of a chain. Why?
 You simply add NITRILE to the end of the name.
Ethanenitrile
Amides
 Amides are like carboxylic acids but with a NH2
group instead of a hydroxyl group
 They are named by cutting off the ‘e’ at the end
and replacing it with amide
O
CH3 CH2 CH2 C
NH2
Butanamide
O
CH3 CH C
CH3
NH2
(isobutanamide),
2-methylpropanamide
 Amides can also find themselves in the middle of a
chain as well.
O
O
H3C
H3C
NH2
ethanamide
NH
CH 3
N-ethylpropanamide
Has same system as with
amines. Take note of
which chain is considered
the extra alkyl group.
 Use these to name the following compounds on the
worksheet.