Transcript Radioactive Isotopes - IISME Community Site

SRI International
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Define and give examples of isotopes
History of Radiation
Identify the types of radiation and
material that stops each type.
Identify every day uses of radioactive
isotopes
Explain safety practices that are used
when handling radioactive materials.
Explain why scientists use radioactive
labeling of drugs
Balance nuclear equations
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Please match the following isotopes for O,K,
Al and Po
40K
22O
27Al
23Al
195Po
36K
12O
38K
197Po
25Al
18O
191
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Po
Radioisotopes are the isotopes that are less
stable and undergo radioactive decay
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Henry Becquerel accidently discovered
radioactivity when he saw that a piece of
uranium had exposed his photographic film.
Henry along with Marie and Pierre Curie won
the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903 for their
work with radioactivity
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Radioactive isotopes transform to more stable
isotopes, emitting alpha beta or gamma rays
from the nucleus
I. Natural
A. Terrestrial – Uranium 238 is found in granite and
rock decays
 It eventually becomes Radon 222 and odorless, colorless
tasteless gas that is nonreactive.
 Enters houses through cracks in the foundation
 Radon 222 causes lung cancer.
B. Cosmic- cosmic rays interact with the atmosphere
producing radioactive isotopes like C-14
II. Man made exposure
 Po-210 and tobacco
 X-rays and imaging agents
High doses of radiation can damage cell processes causing
abnormal growth or cell death.
Low doses of radiation- the body replaces damaged cells.
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Smoke detectors Americium-241
Understanding Biological and Chemical
processes (K- 32 and plants)
Food Irradiation (Cobalt- 60- using gamma
rays)
Archeological Dating Carbon-14 (half life =
5700 years)
Medical Uses Tcm-99 (half life of 6 hours)
used for visualizing organs and bones
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Nuclear equations use chemical symbols to
show what is happening during radioactive
decay.
◦ The sum of the top numbers (atomic mass) and the
bottom numbers (atomic number) must be equal on
both sides of the equation
Sample equation- Uranium 238 is found in rock and soil
238 U ----> 4 He + 234 Th (4 He represents an alpha
2
92
2
90
particle)
 Determine the missing element
234 Th - 0 e + 23491Pa (0 e represents a beta particle)
-1
90
-1
 Determine the missing radioactive particle
234
91Pa
-
e
0
-1
+
234
92
U
Sung Rhee Ph. D.
•“Radioactive scientists are
unique.”
•Wife of 37 years is a Biochemist
•Kids are both Doctors
•Likes going to the symphony
and orchestra in his spare time.
James Bupp M.S
•Chemistry is logical and takes
less memorization……”
•Mr. Bupp played football and
was on the track team in High
school.
•Likes running marathons and
playing electric guitars
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Mr. Bupp and Dr. Rhee can work with aprons and
goggles. (Tridium, Carbon-14)
Occasionally they need to where lead aprons. Why?
◦ Sulfur- 35
◦ Iodine-135
◦ Gamma radiation accumulates in your thyroid gland.
Equipment in the lab is covered with aluminum foil
 Liquid Scintillation Counters measure beta particles.
 Geiger counters measure gamma particles.
 (mCi = 2.22 billion degradations per minute)
Spills are cleaned up. Counters monitor the particle count.
Records are kept on radioactive materials.
Dr. Rhee and Mr. Bupp attach radioactive isotopes to
a nonexchangeable position on a drug molecule.
◦ This drug gets sent to the biology department or
a client.
 They test the drug for ADME
 Absorption-Is it absorbed in the body?
 Distribution- Does it go where it needs to?
 Metabolism-How quickly is it broken down?
 Excretion-How is it eliminated from the body?
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Please answer true or false for the following statements.
If the statement is false supply the correct answer.
a. Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have a different
number of neutrons and the same number of protons and electrons.
b. All isotopes are stable.
c. Marie and Pierre Becquerel were the couple who received a Nobel
Prize for their work with radiation.
d. Alpha radiation is the strongest radiation and can only be
stopped by lead.
e. Gamma radiation is the weakest radiation and can be stopped by
paper.
f. Uranium 232 is found in rock and decays Into radon 222
g. Exposure to tobacco smoke can cause damage to your cells.
h. Carbon 14 is used in smoke detectors.
i. Americium 241 is used in dating fossils.
j. 146C - 42He + 147N
k. If inhaled Tridium travels straight to your
thyroid.
l. Records are kept on radioactive materials
m. Radioisotopes are attached to
nonexchangeable positions on a molecule.
n. Drugs are tested for Absorption,
Distribution, Miscibility and Excretion
a. Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have a
different number of neutrons and the same number of
protons and electrons. TRUE
b. All isotopes are not stable. FALSE
c. Marie and Pierre CURIE were the couple who received a
Nobel Prize for their work with radiation. FALSE
d. GAMMA radiation is the strongest radiation and can only
be stopped by lead. FALSE
e. ALPHA radiation is the weakest radiation and can be
stopped by paper. FALSE
f. Uranium 238 is found in rock and decays Into radon 222
False
g. Exposure to tobacco smoke can cause damage to your
cells TRUE
h. Americium 241 is used in smoke detectors. FALSE
i. Carbon 14 is used in dating fossils. FALSE
j. 146C - 0-1e + 147N FALSE
k. If inhaled IODINE travels straight to your thyroid.
FALSE
l. Records are kept on radioactive materials TRUE
m. Radioisotopes are attached to nonexchangeable
positions on a molecule. TRUE
n. Drugs are tested for Absorption, Distribution,
Metabolism and Excretion FALSE
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Slide 4 Marie and Pierre Curie. Virtual Institute of Applied Science:
Lectures in Physics; radiation. 2/July/2009.
www.vias.org/physics/img/pmcurie.jpg
Slide 5 Summary chart on Radioactive particles. St. Theresa
Secondary School.
1/July/2009. http://web.stteresa.edu.hk/~kfyen/lesson09047.jpg
Slide 6 Cruising Chemistry collaborative group. Nuclear Chemistry:
Everyday Exposure to Radiation. 30/June/2009.
http://www.chem.duke.edu/~jds/cruise_chem/nuclear/exposure.hml
Slide 7 Cruising Chemistry collaborative group. Nuclear
Chemistry: Modern Uses of Radioactive Isotopes. 30/June/2009.
http://www.chem.duke.edu/~jds/cruise_chem/nuclear/uses.html
Slide 9 and 11 Rhee, Sung. Personal interview. 15/ June/ 2008.
 Bupp, James. Personal Interview 25/June/ 2009.
 Slide 10 Thyroid picture. Champions Family Clinic.
2/July/2009/
http://championsfamilyclinic.com/yahoo_site_admin
/assets/images/thyroid.327134200.png