Transcript to file (PPTX)

STATE BAR OF TEXAS
ADVANCED FAMILY COURSE: 2015
AUGUST 3-6, 2015
SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS
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Most common drug tests:
i) Urine,
ii) Hair, and
iii) Nail.
Tests for parent drug and drug metabolites.
Levels found in the sample of the parent
drug and metabolite are matched against
cutoff levels pre-determined by the lab.
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1st Step: Immunoassay: This screening
tests a wider spectrum of chemically
similar substances than does the
confirmation test.
2nd Step: Confirmation Test: Performed
by precise tests to identify and quantify
drugs or their metabolites.
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Methamphetamines
Cocaine
Amphetamines
(includes Ecstasy)
Opiates
(Morphine, Heroin, Codeine)
Barbiturates
PCP
Benzodiazepines
(Xanax, Valium, Klonopin)
Propoxyphene
(Darvocet)
Marijuana
Methadone
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URINE DRUG DETECTION/CLEARANCE TIMES
Target Drug
Minimum
Maximum
Amphetamines
2-7 hours
2-4 days
Cannabinoids (THCMarijuana)
6-18 hours
Infrequent user: up to 10 days
Cocaine Metabolite
1-4 hours
2-4 days
Methamphetamines
1-3 hours
2-4 days
MDMA (Ecstasy)
1 hour
2-3 days
Opiates (Heroin,
Morphine, Codeine)
2 hours
2-3 days
Oxycodone
1 hour
1-2 days
Phencyclidine (PCP)
5-7 hours
Infrequent user: 6-8 days
Chronic user: 30 days or longer
Chronic user: 21-28 days+
2
weeks prior to the time the hair
sample
was
collected
until
approximately 90 days prior to
the sample collection.
 Multiple
uses required to test
positive with normal drug use. A
one-time use of the average
amount of drug will not yield
results above the cutoff level.
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2
to 4 weeks following ingestion until 3 to 8
months (or possibly longer) following
ingestion.
 Broad
range is based on numerous factors:
longer fingers grow faster than short fingers,
age and gender of the person, the time of
year, the food the person eats, the dominant
hand grows faster than the other hand, etc.
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Methamphetamines:
-prescription diet pills
-Parkinson disease medication
Amphetamines:
-prescription diet pills
-ADHD medication
-Narcolepsy medication
*Methamphetamine will metabolize to
amphetamines, but amphetamines will
not metabolize to methamphetamine.
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
Opiates:
-Morphine and codeine may be
prescribed.
*Heroin quickly metabolizes to 6-AM
& then to morphine in 8 to 24 hours.
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Marijuana:
- Legal for medicinal purposes in
some states, but NOT in Texas.
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1. Drinking an excessive amount of liquids to
drive the creatinine level below 20 mg/dl.
2. Adding adulterants to destroy the chemical
reactions which would otherwise occur.
3. Providing synthetic
person’s urine.
urine
or
another
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1. Order the donor to provide a witnessed
collection.
(Collector of the same gender actually observes
the sample going into the collection cup).
2. Check temperature of urine specimen.
(Average temperature of a non-witnessed
urine sample returned to the collector is 95
to 97 degrees.
3. Give person a maximum of three-hours advance
notice that he/she needs to drug test by
urinalysis.
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1. Some shampoos designed and sold
with the intent to cleanse the hair of
drugs.
2. Extensive bleaching, perming and
dyeing may allow a portion of the
drug within the hair to be extracted.
3. Shaving.
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One product is on the market that purports to
ensure an individual passes the fingernail test.
It has not proven to be effective at this time.
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
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Ethyl Glucuronide (EtG) and Ethyl Sulfate (EtS)
are direct metabolites of alcohol (ethanol).
Presence of EtG/EtS in urine is a definitive
indicator that alcohol was consumed.
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Urinalysis:
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EtG can be detected in chronic drinkers for 80
hours or even up to 5 days.
A person that consumes 3 drinks can have a
detectable level of EtG for approximately 20 to
24 hours.
Primary factors to determine the window of
detection:
• volume of alcohol consumed; and
• time between each drink.
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3 month window of detection.
EtG nail testing is preferable to EtG Hair
testing.
-Studies have shown hair bleaching and pool
chlorine eliminate/reduce levels of EtG in hair.
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