Transcript Give Me Liberty Chapter 18

Triangle Shirtwaist Fire
 Greenwich Village, NYC
 Jewish and Italian female immigrants
 Doors locked to stop theft/breaks
 146 Died
 Call for Reform
An Urban Age, a Consumer Society
 Farms and Cities
 “Golden Age”
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Growing cities = increased agriculture
 Morgan: 40% of capital; 1/3 workers in poverty
The Muckrakers
 Exposed problems of urban existence
 The Shame of the Cities (Steffens)
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Political corruption
 History of the Standard Oil Company by Ida Tarbell
 The Jungle (Sinclair)
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Unsanitary slaughterhouses
Led to Pure Food and Drug and Meat inspection acts
Immigration
 “New Immigration”
 Italy, Austria, Austro-Hungary, Mexico, China and
Japan
 Industrial growth and agricultural decline
 Free labor and contract work
 Ellis and Angel Island (NY and San Fran)
Map 18.1 The World on the Move, World Migration
1815-1914
Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd Edition
Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company
The Immigrant Quest for Freedom
 Inaccurate views on American life
 Dangerous low paying work
 Most planned short term move
 Enclaves
An Urban Age, a Consumer Society
 Consumerism
 Heightened during WWI
 Mass abundance of goods
 Importance of leisure

Movies, dance, and parks.
 The Working Woman
 Increase in female workers
 Challenged traditional roles
Table 18.3 Percentage of Women 14 Years and Older
Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd Edition
Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company
An Urban Age, a Consumer Society
 Fordism (mass production & mass consumption)
 Henry Ford – Ford motor Company (1905)
 Model T – black only
 Assembly line
 $5 a day for workers
An Urban Age, a Consumer Society
 Progressivism goal
 Capitalism providing abundance and leisure for all
 Advertising
 Fulfillment = material goods
 Exclusion = political activism
 Unions against monopolies
 A Living Wage (Father John A. Ryan: 1906)
Varieties of Progressivism
 Socialism
 Socialist Party (1901)
 Populist, followers of Bellamy, and laborers (AFL),
immigrant communities
 Free college, regulations in work place, and public
ownership of industry
 Eugene V. Debs
 Socialism = “political equality and economic freedom”
 Election of 1912 – 6% of popular vote
 Appeal to Reason – largest weekly circulation
Varieties of Progressivism
 American Federation of Labor (AFL)
 Samuel Gompers
 National Civic Federation
 Collective bargaining
 Settled many disputes
 Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)
 All inclusive (heavily immigrant)
 Abolishment of the state
Strikes
 New Orleans, LA (1907)
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Cross-race
 Ludlow Massacre (1914)
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United Mine Workers vs. Colorado Fuel and Iron Company
Up to 30 killed
Varieties of Progressivism
 The Birth-Control Movement
 Emma Goldman
 Margaret Sanger: The Woman Rebel

Jailed for distributing
 Native Americans
 Society of American Indians (1911)

Sovereign rights
The Politics of Progressivism
 New Social Policies
 Reduce power in politics & business
 $$ on public works
 Uninterested in plight of African Americans
Robert La Follette
 Wisconsin’s “laboratory for democracy”
 Primary elections
 Taxing corporations
 State regulations of railroads and utilities
Reform
 Jane Addams and Hull House
 Chicago Settlement house
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Improved lives of immigrant poor
400 by 1910
 Children’s Bureau (1912)
 Advocate for conditions of women and children
Woman’s Rights
 Wyoming first state for suffrage
 Followed by UT, ID, and CO
 Cost shifted pressure to national level
 Muller v. Oregon
 Argued by Louis D. Brandeis (1st Jewish justice)
 State restrictions on hours worked by women
 Led to discrimination
The Progressive Presidents
 Theodore Roosevelt
 Became president after McKinley was assassinated
 “Square Deal”
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Conservation of Natural Resources
Control of Corporations
Consumer Protection
Roosevelt’s Social Accomplishments
 National Park System
 Yellowstone (1872)
 Hepburn Act (ICC set railroad rates)
 Elkins Act (against railroad trusts)
 Pure Food and Drug Act/Meat Inspection Act
William Howard Taft
 Heavy support from Roosevelt
 Passed 16th amendment (income tax)
 Standard Oil Company of NJ vs. US
 From Progressive to Conservative Republican
 Tariffs
Election of 1912
 Debs (Socialist)
 Taft (Republican)
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Business and government work together
 Roosevelt (Progressive)

Strong government regulation
 Wilson (Democrat)
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“New Freedom”
States’ rights; laissez-faire
Independent from big business
Unions
Anti-trust
Map 18.3 The Presidential Election of 1912
Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd Edition
Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company
Woodrow Wilson
 First term…
 Held press conferences & delivered messages to Congress
 Outlawed child labor
 8 hour work day
 $ to farmers
 Underwood Tariff
Reduced duties on imports
 Graduated income tax
 Federal Reserve System (1913)
 Federal Trade Commission (1916) – price fixing and monopolies
